percentage yield

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7 Terms

1
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what is theoretical yield?

  • mass of product if the reaction happened perfectly

    • all reactants converted to products

    • no side reactions

    • no products lost to the surroundings

2
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what is actual yield?

the mass of a product actually obtained

3
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what is actual yield affected by?

  • incomplete reaction

    • uneven mixing/heating

    • one reactant being limiting

  • loss of product

    • leaks, spills, evaporation

  • unwanted products

    • side reactions

4
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what does percentage yield tell you?

  • overall success of the experiment

  • compare theoretical yield with actual yield

5
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how do you calculate percentage yield?
(actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100
6
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what sort of percentage yield should industrial processes have?

  • high as possible

  • reduce waste and costs

7
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why is percentage yield always less than 100%?

  • some product/reactant always gets lost

  • not all reactants react to make a product (in reversible reactions, products can turn back to reactants)

  • may be side reactions (react with the air or impurities in the reaction mixture)

  • product is lost when separated from the reaction mixture (filtration)