A&P - Sternum, trachea + lungs, esophagus, movement of air, muscles of inspiration (quiz #1)

Sternum

breast bone, medial to the clavicle, provides protection and support, ribs + clavicle attach here

What do true ribs have direct attachment to?

Either manubrium (superior part of sternum) or corpus sterni

Trachea

air travels through here, is composed of cartilagenous rings, in between these rings is smooth muscle

Cilia

located on glands inside of trachea, sweep pollutants up and out

Carina

helps trachea bifrucate; split, right mainstem bronchi turns at a greater angle

Larynx

voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords, helps prevent food or drink from going down to trachea

Aspiration

Breathing fluid, food, vomitus, or an object into the lungs

Lungs

located superiorally by first rib,

- two lobes on left side to allow room for the heart

- 3 on right

Alveoli

Where oxygen gets exchanged for co2

Esophagus

- food or drink goes down here

- collapsed tube made up of smooth, involuntary muscle

- behind + adjacent to trachea

During inhalation...

thoracic cavity expands in two different directions; superior to inferior, or anterior to posterior

During exhalation...

opposite of inhalation, shrinks rather than expands

Pleurae

tissues that line different structures

- visceral: linings that encase the lungs

- parietal: lining along the walls of thoracic cavity

* the two glide up against eachother

Phrenic nerves

connect with diaphragm, make it contract

Quiet inspiration

lying or sitting, not exerting yourself at all, only muscle needed to breathe is the diaphragm

Aponeurosis

center part of diaphragm - central tendon

Diaphragmatic hiatuses

holes that go through the diaphragm, must communicate from thoracic to abdominal

Aortic hiatus (abdominal aorta)

artery that brings oxygen rich blood to the lower part of the body

Esophogial hiatus

The esophagus travels through from thoracic cavity through diaphragm to stomach

Foramen vena cava

passage for inferior vena cava

large vein carrying deoxygenated blood back to the heart