Child development test

self-esteem

The confidence and sense of self-worth that individuals have about themselves, influencing their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.

self-concept

An individual's perception of their own abilities, characteristics, and values, which shapes their self-identity.

attachment

The emotional bond between a child and their caregiver, crucial for development and well-being.

Piaget

theorist that studied cognitive development in children

gross motor skills

the development of using arms and legs for large movements, such as running, jumping, and climbing.

erickson

the theorist that studied emotional/social development in children that is sometimes referred to as the 8 stages of personality development

Cognitive development

is the progression of a child's ability to think, learn, and understand their environment through experiences and interactions.

moral development

learning right from wrong and is best taught by being a good example

23 chromosomes

the amount of chromosomes contained in a mature sperm cell

low birth weight

teen and smoking mothers are at risk for

fallopian tubes

the tubes through which eggs travel from the ovaries to the uterus. Where fertilization of the ovum takes place

toxemia

a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and potential damage to other organ systems.

uterus

the organ in which a fetus develops during pregnancy, located in the female pelvis.

amiocentesis

a medical procedure used to obtain a sample of amniotic fluid from the uterus for testing. It can help diagnose genetic disorders and other conditions during pregnancy.

epidural

a type of regional anesthesia used during labor to relieve pain by blocking nerve signals in the lower body.

down syndrome

a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21, leading to developmental delays and physical characteristics.

neural tube defects

birth defects of the brain, spine, or spinal cord that occur during early pregnancy due to the incomplete development of the neural tube.

nueral tube

defects are serious conditions that can lead to physical and intellectual disabilities in children.

heredity

the passing of traits from parents to offspring through genes.

environmental

factors are non-genetic influences that affect development and can include nutrition, toxins, and stress.

prenatal development

is the process of growth and development of the fetus during pregnancy, which occurs in three stages: germinal, embryonic, and fetal.

fraternal twins

are siblings that develop from two separate eggs fertilized by two separate sperm cells. They share about 50% of their genetic material, similar to regular siblings.

identical twins

are siblings that develop from a single fertilized egg that splits into two embryos. They share 100% of their genetic material, making them genetically identical.

first trimester

is the initial 12 weeks of pregnancy, during which the foundation for major body systems and organs is established, and the embryo develops rapidly.

second trimester

is the period from weeks 13 to 26 of pregnancy, characterized by continued growth and development of the fetus, as well as noticeable physical changes in the pregnant individual.

third trimester

is the final stage of pregnancy, occurring from week 27 until birth, during which the fetus gains weight and prepares for delivery.

vernix

is a white, cheese-like substance that covers the skin of the fetus, providing protection in the womb and helping to facilitate delivery.

quickening

is the first noticeable movements of the fetus felt by the pregnant individual, typically occurring around 18 to 25 weeks of pregnancy.

placenta

is an organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy, providing oxygen and nutrients to the growing fetus and removing waste products from the fetus's blood.

umbilical cord

is a flexible tube-like structure that connects the fetus to the placenta, allowing for the transfer of oxygen, nutrients, and waste.

lightening

is the phenomenon during pregnancy when the fetus drops lower into the pelvic cavity in preparation for labor, often occurring a few weeks before delivery.

effacement

is the process by which the cervix thins and shortens in preparation for childbirth, allowing it to dilate during labor.

expulsion

when babys head is in the birth canal

after birth

when the placenta is expelled after birth

breech position

position fetus inside the womb is feet or butt first

cesarean

surgery preformed so the baby can be delivered through an incision mde in the abdomen wall and uterus

epislotomy

surgical incision made on the perineum used to enlarge the vaginal opening to help deliver the baby

lochia

bloody vaginal discharge that occurs after delivery and last up to six weeks

APGAR

test done directly after birth to determine the health and well being of the newborn

milia

tiny white bumps that look like whiteheads on a newborn’s skin

human face

newborns favorite thing to look at

senses

what infants primarily learn from

stranger anxiety

when child appears to be afraid of someone

shaken baby syndrome

roughly jostling an infant back and forth can lead to brain damage or serious head injuries

object permancnce

infant knows an object still exists even though they cannot see it

rooting

reflex that helps baby find food source

Babinski reflex

when the infant’s toes fan out when the foot is stroked from hell to front

fontancls

soft spot on babies head where the skull bones haven’t fully fused together

6 months

solid food begins to be introduced

self-help

when toddlers feed and dress themselves

share

one of the first social skills that a toddler develops

solitary play

when children play alone

cooperative play

when children play with each other

preoperational stage

a preschool child who uses symbols, is still egocentric, and enjoys make believe

classification

placing objects based on common traits

conservation

when one property of an object changes while the other properties remain the same

inquisitive

when children ask lots of questions and are curious about the world around them

natural consequences

consequences that occur without interference by letting nature take its course

car seat position

center of back seat, facing out the back window