Urban Challenges and Opportunities in Mumbai and Birmingham

Push Factors

Reasons driving people to leave an area.

Pull Factors

Attractions drawing people to a new area.

Mumbai Opportunities

Social, economic, and environmental benefits in Mumbai.

Dharavi

One of the largest slum settlements globally.

slum Settlement

Unplanned urban area with inadequate infrastructure.

Urbanisation

Increase in population living in urban areas.

Population Density

Number of people living per unit area.

Suburbanisation

Expansion of urban areas into rural fringe.

Urban Growth Drivers

Factors like industrialisation causing urban expansion.

Urban Challenges

Issues like pollution and inequality in cities.

Sustainability Efforts

Initiatives to promote environmentally friendly practices.

Birmingham

UK's second-largest city with diverse population.

Cultural Diversity

Variety of ethnicities enriching social experiences.

Bullring Shopping Centre

Major retail hub boosting local economy.

Brindley Place

City centre development with entertainment facilities.

Canal Restoration

Efforts to clean and improve canal areas.

Green Spaces

Parks and recreational areas in urban settings.

Urban Decline

Reduction in economic activity leading to decay.

Deprivation

Lack of basic necessities and services.

Housing Inequality

Disparity in access to quality housing.

Education Challenges

Barriers to quality education in urban areas.

Healthcare Barriers

Obstacles preventing access to health services.

Atmospheric Pollution

Air quality degradation from vehicle emissions.