Government 2305 – Test Review #3 (Chapters 11-13)

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering the key concepts and facts for Chapters $$11-13$$ on Congress, the Presidency, and the Bureaucracy based on the Test $$3$$ Review notes.

Trustee

A type of member of Congress whose specific voting style is examined in Chapter $11$.

Popular vote elections for U.S. senators

An election method for senators that the U.S. switched to in a specific historical year.

Delegate

A type of member of Congress whose specific voting style is examined in Chapter $11$.

Illegal gerrymander

A term for redrawing legislative districts that would be considered unlawful by the Supreme Court.

Congressional incumbents

Legislators who win re-election over $90\%$ of the time.

Redrawing legislative districts

The process of changing district boundaries for political advantage.

Partisan conflict

A factor that occurs when Congress is unable to pass important legislation.

House of Representatives constituency relation

The term used for the way a member of the House relates to those they represent.

Unseating an incumbent

The minimum amount of money required for a challenger to unseat an incumbent member of the House.

Logrolling

A specific legislative practice or term defined in the study of Congress.

First female Speaker of the House

A historical milestone in the leadership of the House of Representatives.

Party leaders

Individuals in the House and Senate who use specific powers to influence the legislative process.

Select committee vs. conference committee

The distinction between two specific types of congressional committees.

Bill to Law process

The specific correct order of stages through which a Bill becomes a Law.

Filibuster

A specific legislative tactic used within the congressional process.

Bills in committee

The percentage of proposed legislation that dies during this specific stage.

Lyndon Johnson

The U.S. president during whose term key governmental programs were created.

Constitutional authority vs. statutory authority

The difference between these two specific types of presidential power.

Head of government vs. head of state

The difference between these two roles performed by the president.

Presidential nominees

The historical trend regarding nominees requiring Senate approval.

Declarations of war

The specific total number of these issued by Congress in U.S. history.

War Powers Resolution

A resolution with a specific purpose regarding the balance of power in conflict.

Executive agreement

A specific type of agreement utilized by the president.

State of the Union address

An annual address given by the president for a specific purpose.

Executive privilege

A presidential power that was the subject of a specific ruling in U.S. v. Nixon.

U.S. v. Nixon

The Supreme Court case that established a ruling on executive privilege.

White House Chief of Staff

The individual responsible for specific duties within the executive office.

Mike Pence

A recent vice president who serves as an example of how the duties of the office have changed.

Vice president's Senate vote

The specific circumstance under which the vice president casts a vote in the Senate.

Cabinet members

The specific number of members that comprise this executive body.

Signing statement

A specific type of document issued by the president.

Impeachment and removal

The specific process and requirements to remove a president from office.

President job approval

A metric that is dependent on the context of the time the president serves.

Civil servant vs. political appointee

The distinction between these two types of employees in the bureaucracy.

Governmental regulations

Specific rules or directives issued by the government.

Federal regulations

Directives that affect almost all facets of American life.

Standard operating procedures

Processes used in bureaucracies for a specific purpose.

Regulatory capture

A specific phenomenon characterizing certain bureaucratic interactions.

Spoils system

A system used on a large scale for the first time by a specific U.S. president.

New Deal

The historical era during which the main bureaucratic change occurred.

Federal spending (Party in power)

Expenditures that tend to increase steadily regardless of which party is in power.

Government size vs. benefits

The paradox where Americans want smaller government in the abstract but are unwilling to give up benefits.

Federal spending (Primary areas)

The $3$ specific areas that account for most federal spending.