Hypertension and Hyperlipidemia Overview

These flashcards cover key concepts in hypertension and hyperlipidemia, including definitions, risk factors, complications, treatments, and nursing responsibilities.

Hypertension

Persistent elevation of SBP ≥130 mmHg or DBP ≥80 mmHg.

Primary hypertension

Hypertension that is essential and has no identifiable underlying cause.

Secondary hypertension

Hypertension that occurs due to an identifiable underlying cause.

Blood Pressure Stages

Categories for blood pressure: Normal, Elevated, Stage 1 HTN, Stage 2 HTN.

Pathophysiology of Blood Pressure

Blood pressure is determined by cardiac output (CO) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR).

Non-modifiable risk factors

Risk factors that cannot be changed, such as age, gender, race, and family history.

Modifiable risk factors

Risk factors that can be changed, such as diet, activity level, and smoking.

Complications of Hypertension

Include congestive heart failure, stroke, renal failure, and visual changes.

DASH diet

Dietary approach to stop hypertension, focusing on weight loss and sodium restriction.

Hypertensive crisis

A severe increase in blood pressure that can lead to organ damage.

Patient education for hypertension

Includes self-monitoring, understanding side effects, and medication adherence.

Hyperlipidemia

Elevated levels of lipids in the blood, major risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

LDL cholesterol

'Bad' cholesterol that contributes to plaque buildup.

HDL cholesterol

'Good' cholesterol that helps remove LDL.

Treatment for Hyperlipidemia

Includes lifestyle changes and drug therapy to lower LDL and raise HDL.

Nursing responsibilities for Hyperlipidemia

Monitor lipid levels, educate on diet and exercise, and assess for medication side effects.

Ask Me 3

Patient education framework asking: What is my main problem? What do I need to do? Why is it important to do these things?