Chapter 6 Orthopedics: Musculoskeletal System

arthr/o

Prefix meaning joint.

burs/o

bursa,a fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between tissues in joints.

carp/o

carpus

chondr/o

cartilage

clavicul/o

clavicle

coccyg/o

coccyx

cost/o

rib

crani/o

skull

femor/o

femur

fibul/o

fibula

humer/o

humerus

ili/o

ilium

ischi/o

ischium

kyph/o

hump

lord/o

bent backward

mandibul/o

mandible

maxill/o

maxilla

metacarp/o

metacarpus

bone graft

Surgical procedure that uses a piece of bone to replace lost bone or to fuse two bones together

bone scan

Nuclear medicine scan using radioactive dye to visualize bones; especially useful for finding stress fractures and bone cancer

bunion

Inflammation and enlargement of bursa of first

metatarsophalangeal joint (base of big toe

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

Repetitive motion disorder caused by pressure on tendons and nerves as they pass through the carpal tunnel of the wrist

closed fracture

Broken bone with no open skin wound; also called a simple fracture

comminuted fracture

Bone break in which the bone shatters into many small fragments

compound fracture

Bone break in which the bone shatters into many small fragments

compression fracture

Bone break causing loss of height of a vertebral body; may result from trauma, but in

older persons, it may occur in a bone weakened by osteoporosis

contracture

Abnormal shortening of muscle fibers, tendons, or connective tissue making it difficult

to stretch the muscle

creatine kinase (CK)

Muscle enzyme found in skeletal and cardiac muscle; elevated blood levels are associated

with heart attack, muscular dystrophy, and other skeletal muscle pathologies

deep tendon reflex (DTR)

Involuntary muscle contraction in response

to striking the muscle tendon with a reflex hammer; a test used to determine whether muscles respond properly

dislocation

Occurs when the bones in a joint are displaced from normal alignment and the ends of the bones are no longer in contact with each other

dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA)

Test using low-dose X-ray beams to measure bone density; used to diagnose osteoporosis

fibromyalgia

Chronic condition with widespread aching and pain in the muscles and fibrous soft tissue

metatars/o

metatarsus

muscul/o, my/o

muscle

myel/o

bone marrow

oste/o

bone

patell/o

patella

phalang/o

phalanges

pub/o

pubis

radi/o

radius

sacr/o

sacrum

scapul/o

scapula

scoli/o

crooked, bent

spondyl/o

vertebra

stern/o

sternum

tars/o

tarsus

ten/o, tendin/o

tendon

tibi/o

tibia

uln/o

ulna

vertebr/o

vertebra