Nonparametric Statistics

These flashcards cover key concepts in nonparametric statistics, including definitions and explanations of tests, metrics, and principles mentioned in the lecture notes.

Nonparametric Statistics

Statistical methods that do not assume a specific distribution for the population.

Wilcoxon Rank Test

A nonparametric test used to compare two independent groups.

Kruskal-Wallis Test

A nonparametric alternative to one-way ANOVA, used to compare three or more independent groups.

Median

The middle value in a data set when it is ordered from least to greatest.

Mean

The average value of a set of numbers, calculated by summing all values and dividing by the number of values.

Ranks

The positions assigned to data points based on their ordered values in nonparametric testing.

Paired samples

Two sets of data that are related or matched in some way.

Independent samples

Two sets of data that are separate and not related to each other.

Medians equal

A hypothesis tested where the assumption is that the medians of two or more groups are the same.

Homoscedasticity

The assumption that the variance within each group is the same.

Shapiro-Wilk Test

A statistical test used to assess the normality of data.

p-value

A measure of the evidence against a null hypothesis; a lower value indicates stronger evidence.

Statistically significant

A result is statistically significant if it is unlikely to have occurred by random chance.

Levene Test

A statistical test used to assess the equality of variance across groups.

Bonferroni correction

A method to adjust significance levels after conducting multiple comparisons to control the Type I error rate.

Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)

A questionnaire used to measure the severity of depression.