CH 301 UNit 3 review

What is the definition of the Universe?

Everything

What is the definition of the surroundings?

Everything that is not the system.

What is the definition of the system?

The main place we are focusing on.

System+Surroundings=?

Universe

What is an open system?

Matter and Energy can leave and enter the system.

What is a closed system?

Matter cannot leave nor enter, but energy can.

What is an isolated system?

Neither Energy nor Matter can exit nor enter the system.

How do you calculate a delta?

Post-Pre.

What are the 4 state functions for gases?

P,V,T,N

If water freezes in a freezer, what is the freezer?

The surroundings

When water freezes in a freezer, what is the surroundings?

Everything that is not the water.

A closed system allows for the exchange of ___ with the surroundings?

Energy

Consider the following statement:

This state function describes how many collisions and the energy behind the collisions between gas particles and the wall of the container. 

Which state function is this statement referring to?

Pressure

State functions do not care about the path taken getting from the initial state to the final state.  (True Or False)

True

Consider the following scenario:

Our sample starts at room temperature (300 K). We place our sample in the oven set to 500K. We then let our sample cool back to room temperature. What is our ΔT?

0K

What is the 1st rule of KMT?

Gas molecules are hard spheres

What is the 2nd rule of KMT?

Gas molecules are infinitely small in volume?

What is the 3rd rule of KMT?

Gas particles have no attraction for one another, nor to the surface of system

What is the 4th rule of KMT?

Collisions are elastic

What is the 5th rule of KMT?

System Temp Is Proportion to KE of system, Temp is constant in a system at equilibrium.

What is the 6th rule of KMT?

KE is related to M and V

Kinetic Energy is equal to what? (Bolt)

1/2KT

1/2KT is called what?

Boltzmann Constant

Kinetic Energy is equal to what?

1/2mv²

In a system of gas, if we double the temperature what happens to the energy of the particles?

The Energy Doubles.

A vessel containing the following gases is analyzed by a scientist:

He, Ne, Ar, Kr

Which of the following gases would be moving the slowest?

Kr

If we quadruple the energy in a vessel of gas, what happens to the velocity of the gas particles?

The Velocity Doubles

Ek=1/2mv² finds what too?

The average velocity.

What is the definition of Diffusion?

The reduced velocity caused by collisions between molecules.

What is the definition of Effusion?

The movement of matter through a pinhole.

What is d?

The diffusion rate of a gas.

What is e?

The effusion rate of a gas.

What is the equation for Grahams’s Law of diffusion?

m1(d1)²=m2(d2)²

What is the equation for relative effusion rates?

m1(e1)²=m2(e2)²

Gas particles moving through a pinhole refers to what phenomenon?

Effusion

Boyles law refers says pressure and volume have a ____ relationship.

Inverse.

Boyle’s law equation (Relative)

P1V1=P2V2

Boyle’s Law Equation (Absolute)

P=K(1/V)

Charles’ law refers says Temperature and volume have a ____ relationship.

Direct

Charles’ Law equation (Absolute)

V=KT

Charles’ Law equation (Relative)

V1/T1=V2/T2

Avogadro’s Law says moles and volume has a _____ relationship.

Direct

Avogadro’s law (Relative)

n1/v1=n2/v2

Avogadro’s Law (Absolute)

n=KV

What two laws are combined into combined gas law?

Charles and Boyle

Combined Gas Law equation

(P1V1)T1=(P2V2)/T2

Guy Lussac’s Law says Pressure and temperature have a ____ relationship.

Direct

Guy Lussac’s Law Equation (Relative)

P1/T1=P2/T2

Guy Lussac’s Law equation (Absolute)

P=KT

Dalton’s Law equation to find total pressure

(Sum of) Partial Pressures

Dalton’s Law for finding Partial Pressure

(moles of gas/Total number of moles) * Total Pressure.

Which law is an indirect or inverse proportionality?

Boyle

What is the total pressure exerted by a mixture containing two gases if the partial pressure of one gas is 70 torr and the partial pressure of the other gas is 30 torr?

100 Tor

(10 L vessel of an ideal gas at 300 K and 10 atm of pressure inside. We can fix the volume or the pressure of the vessel as we like. )

If we increase the temperature of the vessel to 450 K at constant volume, what would the pressure inside the vessel be?

15 atm

(10 L vessel of an ideal gas at 300 K and 10 atm of pressure inside. We can fix the volume or the pressure of the vessel as we like. ) If we reduce the volume in the vessel and the new pressure is measured to be 40 atm, what would the new volume be?

2.5L

(We are studying the properties of a 10 L vessel of an ideal gas at 300 K and 10 atm of pressure inside. We can fix the volume or the pressure of the vessel as we like. )]

If we triple the number of moles in the gas vessel at constant pressure, what would the new volume be?

30L

(We are studying the properties of a 10 L vessel of an ideal gas at 300 K and 10 atm of pressure inside. We can fix the volume or the pressure of the vessel as we like. )

If we decrease the temperature to 200 K at constant pressure, what would the new volume be?

6.67L

(We are studying the properties of a 10 L vessel of an ideal gas at 300 K and 10 atm of pressure inside. We can fix the volume or the pressure of the vessel as we like.  )

If we triple the temperature and double the volume, what would the new pressure of the system be?

15 atm

What is the equation for Ideal Gas Law

PV=nRT

Under what conditions do gases act the most ideal? Remember the ideal gas law is built upon KMT!

High Temperature, and Low Pressure

We can only do ideal calculations when we are at standard temperature and pressure. (True Or False)

False

STP (Moles)

1

STP (Pressure)

1

STP (Temp)

273K

STP (Volume)

22.4L

What does p mean?

Density

How much volume does 3 moles of gas occupy at standard temperature and pressure?

67.2L

From the following items, microwave, marble, car, or an elephant, which is closest in size to one mole of gas at STP

Microwave

What is the pressure of a container with 2 moles of gas, a temperature of 500 K, and a volume of 2 L. (Hint: the ideal gas constant is about 0.1 L*atm/mol*K)

41 atm

How much gas (in moles) is in a 20 L container with a pressure of 2 atm at a temperature of 400 K?

1.2

We have a container of unknown size. It's pressure is 30 atm, with 1.5 moles at 2000K. What is the volume of this container?

8.2L

Which number for R is used?

0.082

Given

3H_2(g) + N_2(g)  ⟷  2 NH_3(g)

 

How many moles  of NH₃ are produced at STP from from 6 moles of hydrogen gas?

4 moles

The volume occupied by 9 x 10²³ molecules of nitrogen gas at STP is closest to 

33.6L

Given the balanced combustion reaction for propane below: 

 

C₃H_8(g) + 5 O_2(g) → 3 CO_2(g) + 4 H₂O_(g)

 

If we combust 3 liters of propane in excess oxygen, how many liters of carbon dioxide and water did we make?

9, and 12

Consider the following reaction:

2 C₂H_6(g) + 7 O_2(g) → 4 CO_2(g) + 6 H₂O_(g)

At STP, what is the total volume of CO₂ formed when 6.0 liters of C₂H₆ are combusted?

12L

Consider the following reaction:

2 PbO_(s) → 2 Pb_(s) + O_2(g)

What is the total volume of O₂ produced when 1 mole of PbO decomposes at STP?

11.2L

What volume, in liters, does 128 grams of O₂ occupy at STP?

89.6L

 If we combust 88 grams of gaseous propane with 320 grams of oxygen in a 10 liter tank at 300 K, what will the pressure inside the tank be?

C₃H_8(g) + 5 O_2(g) → 3 CO_2(g) + 4 H₂O_(g)

34.4 Atm

Which temperature change would cause a sample of an ideal gas to double in volume while the pressure is held constant?

400K

Consider the following reaction:

2H_2(g) + O_2(g) → 2 H₂O_(g)

How many liters of H₂ are required to produce a total of 2 moles of H₂O at STP?

44.8L

Consider the following reaction:

2H_2(g) + O_2(g) → 2 H₂O_(g)

Three atm of hydrogen gas reacts with 1 atm oxygen gas in a closed container with rigid walls. What happened to the pressure in the vessel?

Decreased

Consider the following reaction:

2H_2(g) + O_2(g) → 2 H₂O_(g)

Three atm of hydrogen gas reacts with 1 atm oxygen gas in a closed container with rigid walls. What is the new pressure?

3 atm

In fact, gases can be approximately ideal under certain conditions, but  in the real world, they are real gases, or non-ideal gases.   For these gases PV_nRT

does not equal

What is the Ideal gas law?

PV=NRT

What is Boyle's law? (Relative Equation)

P1V1=P2V2

What type of equation is Boyle's Law (Direct/Indirect)

Indirect

What is Charles Law( Relative Equation)

V1/T1=V2/T2

What type of equation is Charle's Law (Direct/Indirect)

Direct

What is Avogadros Law? (Relative Equation)

n1/v1=n2/v2

What type of equation is Avogadros Law? (Direct/Indirect)

Direct

What equation is combined gas law?

P1V1/T1= P2V2/T2

What 3 laws are combined into combined gas law?

Boyle, Guy Lussacs, and Charles

What is Guy Lussacs law? (Relative)

P1/T1=P2/T2

(Dalton) To find total pressure?

Sum of all pressures.

How to find the pressure of one specific gas? (Dalton)

N of Gas/ Total N of Gases.

What term(s) are used for Pressure?

atmn,mmhq, pa,kpa, and torr

What term(s) are used for Volume

Liters

What terms are used for temperature?

Kelvin