smart materials

Smart materials

Modern materials that react and change in response to external stimuli such as heat, light, or moisture.

External stimuli

Factors like temperature, light, or moisture that cause smart materials to change.

Polymorph

A mouldable plastic that softens at around 60°C and can be reshaped by hand; used for modelling and prototyping. Stimulus: heat.

Thermochromic materials

Materials that change colour when temperature changes. Used in baby spoons, kettles, and mood rings

Hydrochromic materials

Materials that change colour when exposed to water. Used in umbrellas, moisture indicators, and swimwear.

Photochromic materials

Materials that change colour depending on light intensity. Used in sunglasses and security inks. Stimulus: light.

SMA (Shape Memory Alloy)

A metal that can be programmed into a shape and returns to it when heated. Used in braces, glasses frames, and self-closing mechanisms. Stimulus: heat.

Why smart materials are useful

They adapt to their environment, improving safety, comfort, and performance in products.