War of Independence

Name a cause of the War of Independence (1)

Easter Rising (Irish public very anti-british now)

Name a cause of the War of Independence (2)

Rise of Sinn Féin party in 1905 (were very pro nationalist)

Name a cause of the War of Independence (3)

Results of General Election in 1918 (Sinn Féin do very well and Home Rule Party do very bad)

What happened after the General Election of 1918?

Sinn Féin won a majority but refused to be a part of the British Parliament in Westminister. Instead they declared a revolutionary Parliament for Ireland called the Dáil Éireann

When and where did the first Dáil meet?

21 January 1919, Mansion House Dublin

When were the first shots of the War of Independence?

21st January, 1919 in Tipperary (at two RIC (british) officers)

What happens following the start of the War of Indepence?

Police and RIC barracks are attacked and Éamon De Valera declares himself president of Ireland

Who was in charge of running the war?

Michael Collins

Who did Britain send in response to restore law and order in Ireland during the war?

Ex-British army soldiers called Black and Tans and Auxillaries

What type of warfare did the Irish use during the war of independence?

Guerllia warfare

What type of warfare were the Black and Tans and Auxillaries used to?

Trench warfare (from WW1)

What is guerilla warfare?

hit and run tactics

What was the name given to the Irish hit-men?

The Squad

What did some civilians do during the war?

They spied on others for either side

Who were the Flying Columns in the war?

Elite active IRA members (IRA men forced to go on the run to avoid arrested who joined together for protection)

Why did the Black and Tans (and Aucillaries) often attack ordinary civilains?

They were frustrated as they couldn't see the enemy in front of them (weren't used to guerrilla warfare)

What effect did the Black and Tans (and Aucillaries) often attacking ordinary civilains have?

Irish people became even more angry and supported the IRA and Ireland's independence more and more. Britain was ashamed and began facing political pressure from other countries

Who were the IRA?

Irish volunteers willing to fight for independence

What Cork Lord Mayor was murdered by the British and what happened in response to this?

Thomas McCurtain. New Lord Major of Cork, Terence McSwiney, goes on hunger strike in protest and dies after 74 days in a British prison

Who was the first man to be executed for republican (IRA) activities since the 1916 Rising leaders?

Kevin Barry, an 18 year old medical student. He was hanged

When did (the first) Bloody Sunday happen?

21st November, 1920

What happened in the early morning of Bloody Sunday?

the Squad killed 14 British officers (some in their own beds)

What was happening on Bloody Sunday in Croke Park?

A gaelic match between Tipperary and Dublin

What did the British do in repsonse to the Squad murdering 14 British officers and what was their excuse?

They brought a tank into the match happening in Croke Park and opened fire on the crowd. They believed members of the Squad had escaped into the crowd

How many people died during Bloody Sunday?

14 civilians, including a player, Hogan, and 3 children

What were the consequences of the War of Independence? (1)

Irish were running low on men and weapons

What were the consequences of the War of Independence? (2)

British were ashamed of what the Black and Tans and Auxillaries were doing to ordinary civilians and were getting a bad reputation in Europe.

What were the consequences of the War of Independence? (3)

It led to the Anglo-Irish Treaty

What were the consequences of the War of Independence? (4)

It led to the Civil War