Histroy Unit 4.5 Terms

Jacob Riis

Danish immigrant and who took photos on night life in the slums as the crime reporter for the New York Evening Sun. But then published the photos in his book, How the Other Half Lives. The photos moved Roosevelt to take up the cause for urban reform.

John Muir

Scotland immigrant who urged the federal government to adopt a forest conservation policy and was later instrumental in the establishment of Californias Yosemite and Sequoia national parks. In 1892, he founded the sierra club, one of today’s leading conservation organizations

National Park Service

Manages all the federal national parks, preserving the land as well as protect them making them available for public use. US forest service is designed to manage forests

Settlement House

Community center organized at the turn of the 20th century to provide social services to the urban poor

Jane Addams

Cofounded Hull House in 1889 and lived and worked out of it for the rest of her life. She was a pacifist and determined advocate for women’s suffrage, she wrote many books and lectured widely. In 1931, she shared the Nobel peace prize.

Washington Gladden

Social Gospel

Reform movement that emerged in the late 19th century that sought to improve society by applying Christian principles

Progressive

Movement that responded to the pressures of industrialization and urbanization by promoting reforms

Direct Primary

Election in which citizens put a proposed new law directly on the ballot

Secret Ballot

Reformed voting method in which a voters choices in an election are anonymous, preventing attempts to influence the voter by intimidation and potential vote buying

Muckraker

Writer who uncovers and exposes misconduct in government or business

Uptown Sinclair

American muckraker writer and journalist who wrote The Jungle after investigating the meat packing plants in Chicago

Meat Inspection Act

1906 law hat empowered the federal government to inspect meat sold across state lines and required federal inspection

Pure Food and Drug Act

1906 law that allowed federal inspection of food and medicine and banned the interstate shipment and sale of impure food and mislabeling of food and drugs

16th Amendment

1913 constitutional amendments that gave congress the authority to levy on income tax

17th Amendment

1983 constitutional amendment that allowed for the direct election of US senators by citizens

Initiative

Process in which citizens put a proposed new law directly on the ballot

Refenderum

Process that allows citizens to approve or reject a law passed by a legislature

Recall

Process by which voters can remove elected officials from office before their term ends

Political Machine

A political problem; the political party organization that decides who is in the election and recruits voter loyalty and tangible incentives in exchange for their support

Monetary Policy

Control of the money supply to a central authority, including influencing interest rates to promote economic growth and stability

Federal Reserve Act

1913 law that placed national banks under the control of a federal reserve board, which operates regional banks that hold the reserve funds from commercial banks, sets interest rates, and supervises commercial banks