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Temperature
A measure of kinetic energy in a substance
(a measure of how hot or cold something is, based on the amount of heat energy it has)
Molecular movement is heat
Temperature is
Atomic motion
the hotter a substance, the faster its atoms move
Thermal Energy; unlike heat, the amount of thermal energy depends on the quantity of the substance
The temp is a bathtub at 90° and a cup of coffee at 120°. of coffee is higher, but the tub has MORE thermal energy because the greater the quantity, the more energy it takes to heat it up to that level, and more energy is stored is moving the molecules of the tub
3 Main Ways of Heat Transfer
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Conduction (occurs in solids)
When fast moving molecules bump into or effect nearby molecules and cause them to move faster.
The transfer of heat is done through direct contact between materials.
It happens when fast-moving (hot) particles bump into slower-moving (cooler) particles, transferring energy.
This process continues until the temperatures even out.
works better in solids, especially metals, because their particles are packed closely together
Conduction Example
Hot soup and spoon
Spoon sitting in a bowl of soup. Touch the end of the spoon handle, you’ll feel warmth even if its not in the soup/touched liquid. The hot soup’s faster moving molecules bump into spoons molecules, those bump into molecules up the handle.
Convection (occurs in liquids and gases)
the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids
Instead of heat traveling through direct contact (like in conduction), ______ happens when hotter, less dense fluid rises and cooler, denser fluid sinks, creating a cycle called a convection current.
Convection Examples
Pot of Boiling Water
The hot part near the flame on the stove rises up, and as hot water rises up, the cooler surrounding water above it moves into take its place causing “churning “ action w/ boiling water.
(The hot water at the bottom rises, and the cooler water at the top sinks, creating a cycle.)
Radiation (occurs in high intensity reactions)
is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves,
without needing direct contact or a medium like air or water.
Unlike conduction (which needs contact) and convection (which needs moving fluids), _____ allows heat to travel through empty space!
Radiation Examples
The Sun: a giant nuclear fusion reaction radiates heat and electromagnetic energy outward.
Also in nuclear Power Plants or Nuclear Weapons detonate
Microwaves Heating Food – Microwave radiation makes water molecules move faster, heating up your food.
