Bio 189 unit 1

Properties for living

order, regulation, growth, energy processing, reproduction, response to environment, evolutionary adaptation

order

organized in order to function

regulation

control their response to non-living things

growth

change and develop as they age

energy processing

digest food for energy

reproduction

multiply off spring or self

response to environment

like weather

evolutionary adaption

survival skills

atoms

basic unit of matter

molecules

made of two or more atoms

organelles

structure within cell that has a function

cells

basic unit of life, membrane of lipids encompassing cytoplasm

prokaryotic cells

basic, bacteria and archaea

eukaryotic cells

complex, nucleus which holds DNA

tissue

identical cells working together

organ

different tissue working together

Organ system

different organs working together

populations

group of organisms in same geographic location

species

all individuals of the same type

community

all population interacting in same geographic location

ecosystem

all communities interacting in same geographic location and dealing with weather

Fact

basic and true “sky is blue”

hypothesis

a statement that can be tested

law

a statement “this will always be true in these conditions”

theories

scientific explanation for a natural phenomenon, backed by facts, laws, and hypothesis

3 domains of life

bacteria, archaea, eukaraya

bacteria

microscopic, single celled prokaryote

archaea

single cell, microscopic, characteristics of bacteria and eukaraya

eukaraya

single or multi celled, micro or macroscopic,

DKPCOFGS

domain (least specific), kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species(most specific)

how to write a binomial nomenclator

G. species, either underlined or italicized

Evolution by natural selection

survival skills, environment, takes generations

Matter

anything that has mass and takes up space

forms of matter

solid, liquid, gas

Vaporization

liquid to gas

Condensation

gas to liquid

melting

solid to liquid

sublimation

solid to gas

deposition

gas to solid

structure of atom

neurons and protons in nucleus, electrons orbiting in shells

protons

+

neutrons

no charge

elections

-, source of energy for living organisms

Ion

atom that has lost/gained elections

cation

• charged, has more protons

anion

• charged, has more electrons

isotopes

atom that lost/gained neutrons

element

atom with specific # of electrons, neurons, protons

Atomic number

number of protons in nucleus (usually the smaller number)

atomic weight

entire weight of element (neutron + protons)

essential elements SPONCH

sulfur, phosphorus, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen

shell 1 capacity

up to 2 electrons

shell 2&3 capacity

up to 8 electrons

Chemical bonds

2 or more atoms interact, stores energy

covalent bonds

strongest, creates molecules

polar covalent bond

when shared electrons are not shared equally, + pole is where its taken, - pole is where its being held

electronegativity

atoms ability to grab electron and keep it

Ionic bonds

medium strength, transfer of electron

hydrogen bond

weak (molecule interaction) occurs with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine. Only when holding molecules together

van der waals

super weak, not true bond. Opposite ends of atom attract but dont bond

chemical reaction

process that rearranges molecules/atoms

synthesis

dehydration, puts things together in creating water

decomposition

hydrolysis, takes things apart by introducing water

exchange

moves components around