chemistry - atoms and equations

atomic number

number of protons in an atom

isotope

atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons and the same number of protons

mass number

protons and neutrons of an atom

relative isotopic mass

mass of an atom of an isotope compared to 1/12th of the mass of carbon - 12

relative atomic mass

the weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12th of the mass of carbon - 12

relative molecular mass

weighted mean mass of a molecule compared with 1/12th of the mass of carbon - 12

relative formula mass

weighted mean mass of a formula unit compared with 1/12th of the mass of carbon - 12

What does it mean when isotopes are radioactive

They have an unstable nucleus and emit radiation as a result of this decay and can break down other isotopes

Calculating relative atomic mass

Times and add then divide by 100

why is the mass spectrometer apparatus maintained under high vacuum

So that the ions dont collide with air particles

Carbonate

Co3(2-)

nitrate

No3(-)

hydroxide

OH(-)

Sulfate

So4(2-)

ammonium

NH4(+)

zinc

Zn(+)

silver

Ag(+)

hydrochloric acid

HCL

sulfuric acid

H2SO4

nitric acid

HNO3

oxidation

Loss of electrons and gain of oxygen

reduction

Gain of electrons

oxidising agent

Species that oxidises another species by removing one or more electrons. When it reacts it itself is reduced

reducing agent

Reduces another species by giving it one or more electrons. When a reducing agent reacts it itself is oxidised