Structural Organisation in Animals (Animal Tissues) - Epithelium and Glands

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering types of epithelial tissues and diverse glandular classifications based on the lecture transcript.

Columnar epithelium

Epithelium characterized by tall and slender cells with the nucleus usually located at the base; it covers the inner surface of the intestine, stomach, and gall bladder.

Brush-bordered columnar epithelium

Highly absorptive epithelium that lines the intestinal mucosa.

Ciliated epithelium

Consists of columnar or cubical cells bearing cilia on their free surfaces to move particles or mucus in a specific direction; found in fallopian tubes and bronchioles.

Ependyma

Ciliated columnar epithelium lining the ventricles of the brain and spinal canal that shows the presence of both microvilli and cilia.

Pseudostratified epithelium

A single layer of columnar cells that appears two-layered because of differing cell heights and nucleus levels; it covers the inner lining of the trachea and large bronchi.

Glandular epithelium

Epithelium generally composed of columnar or cuboidal cells specialized for secretion.

Unicellular gland

A gland consisting of isolated glandular cells, such as the goblet cell of the alimentary canal.

Multicellular gland

A gland consisting of a cluster of cells.

Simple gland

A gland with a single unbranched duct, such as the tubular glands of the human intestine.

Compound gland

A gland with a branched system of ducts, present in the pancreas and salivary glands.

Exocrine glands

Glands with a secretory portion and ducts that transport secretions (e.g., salivary, tear, and gastric glands) to sites of action.

Endocrine glands

Commonly called ductless glands; they pour secretions called hormones into the surrounding tissue fluid.

Mixed gland

A gland that performs both exocrine and endocrine functions, such as the pancreas.

Holocrine glands

Glands where the product of secretion is shed with the whole cell, leading to the cell's destruction, such as the sebaceous gland.

Merocrine glands

Glands where secretory granules leave the cell by exocytosis with no loss of other cellular material, such as the pancreas.

Apocrine glands

Glands in which only the apical portion of the cytoplasm is discharged along with the secretory product, such as the mammary gland.