Cells

Structure of the Cell Membrane

A single phospholipid molecule as the head, and two side-by-side chain of fatty acids as the tail

Amphipathic Molecules (Phospholipid)

a molecule containing a hydrophobic and hydrophilic region

Intracellular fluid

Fluid interior of the cell

Extracellular Fluid

Fluid environment outside the enclosure of the cell membrane

Interstitial Fluid

Extracellular fluid not contained within blood vessels

Integral protein

A protein that is embedded in the membrane

Channel Protein

An integral protein that selectively allows particular materials (like ions) pass into or out of the cell

Cell Recognition Proteins

A type of integral protein which serves to mark a cell’s identity so that it can be recognized by other cells

Receptor

A type of recognition protein that can selectively bind a specific molecule outside the cell

Ligand

A specific molecule that binds to and activates a receptor

Glycoproteins

A protein that has carbohydrates molecules attached to it

Glycocalyx

A fuzzy appearing coat around the cell formed from glycoproteins and other carbohydrates attached to the cell membrane

Functions of Glycocalyx

Allows cells to bind to each other, may contain receptors for hormones, or have enzymes that break down nutrients

Peripheral proteins

Perform specific function for the cells. Can be found on the inner or outer surface of the lipid bilayer