Tulane University PSYC 3130 Chapter 7 Flashcards

These flashcards cover key concepts pertaining to populations, samples, and sampling techniques discussed in Chapter 7 of Feiler's PSYC 3130 course.

Population

The entire group of individuals that a researcher is interested in studying.

Sample

A subset of individuals selected from a larger population for the purpose of research.

Biased Sample

A sample that does not accurately represent the population from which it is drawn, leading to skewed results.

Random Sample

A sample that is selected randomly, ensuring that each individual in the population has an equal chance of being included.

External Validity

The extent to which research findings can be generalized to, or have relevance for, settings, people, times, and measures other than the study conditions.

Simple Random Sampling

A technique where every individual has an equal chance of being selected, often done using random number generators.

Multistage Sampling

A complex form of sampling that involves selecting groups (clusters) randomly and then taking a random sample from within those groups.

Cluster Sampling

A sampling technique where the entire population is divided into clusters, and a random sample of these clusters is selected.

Stratified Random Sampling

A sampling method that divides the population into subgroups (strata) and randomly selects members from each stratum.

Oversampling

A technique where certain groups are intentionally over-represented in the sample to ensure sufficient data for analysis.

Purposive Sampling

A nonrandom sampling technique where participants are selected based on specific characteristics or criteria.

Convenience Sampling

A nonrandom sampling method where participants are selected based on their easy availability and proximity to the researcher.

Snowball Sampling

A nonrandom technique where existing study subjects recruit future subjects from among their acquaintances.

Quota Sampling

A nonrandom sampling method where the researcher ensures equal representation of specific characteristics by setting quotas.

Frequency Claims

Claims that describe the rate or degree of a single variable, often emphasizing the importance of representative samples.

Unrepresentative Sample

A sample that may not accurately reflect the population, which may still be acceptable in specific contexts for frequency claims.

Sampling Collection Importance

When assessing external validity, the process of how samples are collected is deemed more critical than the size of the sample.