Abnormal Psych #2

What are ACEs

adverse childhood experiences of abuse, household neglect and household or family dysfunction

how do ACEs impact mental health

increases negative health outcomes

resilience

ability to bounce back and move through adversity

toxic stress

the prolonged activation of the body’s stress response system in the absence of protective relationships of support

ptsd

consequences of experiencing extreme stressors

symptoms of ptsd

intrusion, avoidance, negative cognitions and mood, hypervigilance

depersonalization disassociation

dethatched from one’s mental process of body

derealization disassociation 

experiences of unreality of surrounding 

factors of ptsd

severity, duration, and proximity, availability of support, already experience anxiety or depression

treatment of ptsd

CBT, stress management, exposure, challenge thinking

adjustment

after 3 months, less than 6. less severe

acute

after 3 days to 1 month. intense

reactive attachment disorder

result of severe neglect, abuse, and maltreatment. difficulty forming emotional attachments to others, interpersonal dysfunction

disinhibited social engagement

opposite of RAD, inappropriate or over connection to strangers

bodys response to stress

biological - genetic predispositions, high or low cortisol, ACE

cultural - generational trauma, identity and personality, roles in family

fear 

about NOW, response to something happening

anxiety

about LATER, worrying about what could happen

4 categories of phobias

natural environment, animals, medical treatment, situations

treatment of phobias

systemic desensitization, blood injection, benzodiazepines (drug)

social anxiety

social situations and the fear of being rejected, judged, or humiliated in public

generalized anxiety

excessive anxiety and worry in almost all situations

separation anxiety

onset childhood, separation from primary caregiver

comorbidity

90% of people with generalized anxiety have other disorder

treatment of anxiety

CBT, medications

somatic symptom disorder

one or more physical symptoms that are distressing or disruptive, and they have excessive thoughts, feeling, or behaviors related to these symptoms

specifiers of somatic symptom disorder

predominate pain and intensity (mild 1, moderate 2+, severe)

dissociative disorder

process in which components of mental experiences are split off from consciousness

dissociate amnesia

awareness of large gaps of memory and knowledge of themselves

dissociative identity disorder

2 or more distinct personality states

depersonalization/derealization

persistent episodes of feeling detached from self or surroundings but reality testing is intact

retrograde amnesia

inability to remember information from the past

anterograde amnesia

inability to remember new information

organic amnesia

brain injury

psychogenic amnesia

psychological cause

properties of dissociative identity disorder

2 or more identities

host- original identity

alters - alternate identities

difference between dissociation and psychosis

reality testing is in tact with association but impaired with psychosis

positive symptoms of schizophrenia

overt expressions, delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thought, abnormal motor behavior

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

loss of qualities, restricted emotional expression, avolition (no goals), cognitive deficits

delusions

one’s thoughts, feelings, or behaviors are controlled by an external force

hallucinations

strange perceptual experience

treatment of schizophrenia

antipsychotics, learning based therapy, family intervention

main personality traits

negative emotionality, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness