SOSC 3, MODULE 1

Understanding Sex

Sex has many connotations because it sits….

It sits at the crossroads of biopsychosocial dynamics (Biological marker or traits, physical intimacy, reproduction)

Sex refers to the…

Classification based on the functional role in reproduction, meaning it is biologically defined and assigned at birth

Sex assigned at birth means…

the male or female designation that doctors ascribe to infants based on genitalia and is marked on their birth records

What are sex characteristics?

Traits indicating a person’s biological sex

Sex characteristics are traits which are categorized into two types:

1. Primary Sex Characteristics - are physical structures, including internal and external reproductive organs, present at birth that directly enable sexual reproduction

2. Secondary Sex Characteristics - are physical, sex-differentiated traits that emerge during puberty, distinguishing males and females without being directly involved in reproduction

Primary Sex Characteristics: Gonads

1. Female - ovaries

2. Male - testicles

Primary Sex characteristics: Internal Genitalia

1. Female - uterine tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina, clitoral crura

2. Male - vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, corpora cavernosa

Primary Sex Characteristics: External Genitalia

1. Female - vulva, clitoris, clitoral hood, inner minora, outer labia

2. Male - scrotum, penis, foreskin

Menstruation is the….

monthly shedding of the lining of a female’s uterus

Menstruation Cycle has an average length of ? days, however, a cycle can range in length from ? to ? days and still be normal

Menstruation Cycle has an average length of 28 days, however, a cycle can range in length from 21 to 35 days and still be normal

Most people have their period (bleed) for between ? and ? days

Most people have their period (bleed) for between three and seven days

Explain the phases of menstruation cycle:

1. Menstrual Phase - the uterine lining sheds, causing menstruation

2. Follicular Phase - Ovarian follicles develop and the uterine lining thickens

3. Ovulation - A mature egg is released from the ovary

4. Luteal Phase - the body prepares for possible pregnancy; if fertilization does not occur, menstruation begins again

Differentiation of external genitalia in the human embryo and fetus

undifferentiated stage - 12 weeks in where the glans area is still the same for male and female but develops later as clitoris and glans penis, thus having the same purpose of giving pleasure during sexual intercourse

Secondary Sex Characteristics examples:

1. Female - larger breast, enlarge nipples, wider hips, distribution of fat to hips, curvier body, higher vocal pitch frequency

2. Male - Adam’s apple, broadening of shoulders, muscular body, more muscle mass, lower vocal pitch frequency

3. Both - pubic hair, axillary hair, development of primary sex characteristics

Who determines the sex of the offspring? male parent or female parent, explain

The male parent because the sperm determines the child sex due to female parents passing only X chromosomes and male parents pass an X or a Y chromosome, which is the 23rd pair of the 46 chromosomes which is also known as the sex chromosomes which determines an individual’s biological sex.

What is the Klinefelter syndrome?

It is a genetic condition where a male is born with an extra X chromosome. (47,XXY)

What are the characteristics when the male has Klinefelter syndrome

1. Taller than average height with long legs and a short torso

2. Small, firm testicles and a small penis

3. Reduced facial and body hair after puberty

4. Enlarged breast tissue, known as gynecomastia

5. Less muscle mass and lower energy levels

What is Jacobs Syndrome?

It is a genetic condition where a male is born with an extra Y chromosome (47, XYY)

What are the characteristics when a male has Jacobs Syndrome

1. Common features include taller-than-average height (often over 6 ft by adulthood)

2. Weak muscle tone (hypotonia)

3. Delayed speech and motor skill development

4. Learning disabilities like dyslexia, and ADHD or behavioral impulsivity

5. Asthma

6. Larger Teeth

What is Turner Syndrome?

It is a genetic condition where a female is born with a missing or incomplete X chromosome

What are the characteristics when a female has turner syndrome?

1. Short stature evident by age 5

2. Delayed or no puberty

3. Infertility

4. Webbed neck and low hairline

5. Swelling in hands and feet

What is Triple X Syndrome?

Genetic condition where a female is born with an extra X chromosome (47, XXX), also called Trisomy X

What are the characteristics when a female has Triple X Syndrome? (Trisomy X)

1. Taller height than average

2. Delayed speech and language skills

3. Learning disabilities like dyslexia

4. Weak muscle tone (hypotonia)

5. Menstrual irregularities

6. Premature ovarian failure

What is Intersex all about?

Is an umbrella term for people born with sex characteristics that do not fit typical binary definitions of male or female bodies

Examples of intersex, and explanations

1. Atypical genitalia or ambiguous genitalia

2. Ovotestis - is a gonad that contains both ovarian and testicular tissue

   1. People with ovotesticular DSD may have 1 ovary and 1 testis, 1 or 2 ovotestes, an ovotestis on one side and an ovary or testis on the other

Intersex is not a disease or an illness, expand..

it only refers to natural variations in a person’s sex characteristics that do not fit typical definitions of male or female. Many intersex people are healthy and do not require medical treatment simply because they are intersex.

Ano ang tatlong pangunahing tungkulin ng titi

1. Daanan ng ihi

2. Tumitigas o nagkakaroon ng erection upang maging posible ang penetrasyon sa panahon ng pakikipagtalik

3. Naglalabas ng semilya o tamod sa pamamagitan ng ehakulasyon

Ano ang penile erection o pagtigas ng titi?

Nangyayari kapag dumadaloy ang mas maraming dugo papunta sa mga erectile tissues ng titi bilang tugon sa seksuwal na pagpukaw. Ang prosesong ito ay nagpapahintulot sa penetrasyon at bahagi ng normal na tugon ng katawan sa seksuwal na aktibidad.

Flaccid and erect meanings

Flaccid - ito ang karaniwang anyo ng titi, hindi matigas na estado ng titi, kung saan mas kaunti ang dugo sa erectile tissue

Erect - kapag napukaw ang seksuwal , mas maraming dugo ang dumadaloy sa mga erectile tissue ng titi, kaya ito lumalaki at tumitigas.

Ano ang puke o kaluban?

Ay isang nababanat na organo ng sistemang reproduktibo ng babae. Pangunahing nagsisilbi itong daanan para sa pakikipagtalik, panganganak, at paglabas ng dugo tuwing regla. Bahagi rin ito ng proseso ng reproduksiyon dahil dito dumadaan ang semilya patungo sa mga bahagi ng sistemang reproduktibo kung saan maaaring maganap ang pagpapabunga.

Ano ang Vaginal tenting?

Pisyolohikal na pagbabago na nangyayari kapag ang isang babae ay sexually aroused. Sa prosesong ito, ang vagina ay bahagyang lumalawak at humahaba habang ang matris ay bahagyang umaangat, na lumilikha ng mas maraming espasyo sa loob ng vaginal canal