Exam 2 new testament study guide

Pax Romana

A period of relative peace and stability across the Roman Empire that lasted for approximately 200 years.

Pentecost

A Jewish festival celebrated 50 days after Passover, marked by the descent of the Holy Spirit on the apostles.

Tongues

A spiritual gift involving the ability to speak in languages unknown to the speaker, often associated with the Holy Spirit.

The Way

An early term used to describe the Christian faith and community.

Antioch

A significant early Christian center and the city where followers of Jesus were first called Christians.

Gallio Inscription

An ancient inscription that provides historical context about the proconsul Gallio during the time of Paul.

Herod Agrippa I

A king of Judea known for his persecution of early Christians and the martyrdom of James.

Herod Agrippa II

The last king of Judea, known for his appearance before Paul during his trial.

Justification

The act of being declared righteous in the sight of God, often associated with faith in Christ.

Sanctification

The process of being made holy, involving spiritual growth and moral purity.

Substitutionary Atonement Theory

The theological concept that Christ died in place of sinners, bearing the penalty for their sins.

Moral Influence Theory

The belief that Christ's suffering and death influence humanity to lead better lives.

Ransom Theory

The view that Christ's death served as a ransom paid to free humanity from sin and death.

Gnosticism

A religious movement that emphasized secret knowledge for salvation, often seen as a heresy in early Christianity.

Bishop

A senior church official responsible for overseeing a group of congregations or diocese.

New Testament

The second part of the Christian Bible, focusing on the life and teachings of Jesus and early Christianity.

Gospel

A term meaning 'good news', referring specifically to the four accounts of Jesus' life in the New Testament.

Disciples

Followers of Jesus who were chosen to spread his teachings, most notably the twelve apostles.

Martyr

A person who suffers persecution or death for advocating, refusing to renounce, or refusing to advocate a belief or cause, especially for the Christian faith.

Epistle

Letters found in the New Testament, written by apostles like Paul, addressing various Christian communities and their issues.

Baptism

A Christian sacrament of initiation and purification, symbolizing the acceptance of faith.

Communion

A Christian rite commemorating the Last Supper, involving the sharing of bread and wine.

Apostolic Succession

The uninterrupted transmission of spiritual authority from the apostles through successive popes and bishops.

Creeds

Formal statements of Christian beliefs used to summarize and articulate faith.

Prophecy

A message communicated by a prophet, often regarding future events or divine revelations.

Agape

A Greek word meaning unconditional love, often associated with God's love for humanity.

Hagios

The Greek word for 'holy' or 'sacred', often used to describe God or places devoted to worship.

Koinonia

A Greek term meaning fellowship or communion, emphasizing community among believers in Christ.

Logos

Meaning 'word', it denotes the divine reason or plan, often associated with Christ as the Word of God.

Metanoia

A Greek term meaning repentance or a change of mind, often indicating a turning towards God.

Parakletos

A Greek word meaning 'helper' or 'comforter', commonly referring to the Holy Spirit.

Philos

A Greek word meaning 'friend' or 'lover', often used in the context of brotherly love.

Shalom

A Hebrew word meaning peace, often used in the context of completeness or wholeness.

Stewardship

A concept that includes managing resources responsibly, derived from the Greek word 'oikonomia', meaning household management.

Zephir

A Greek word referring to a gentle breeze, often symbolizing the Holy Spirit.