female reproductive system

latum

latum

flat, moist and minimally elevated lesion

seen in associatikon with 2ry syphilis

tx:

• Benzathine penicillin G – 2.4 million U IM 1

  dose

• Doxycycline 100mg PO q 12 for 14 d or

• Tetracycline 500 mg PO QID for 14 d or

• Azithromycin 2000mg PO single dose

acuminata

papillary rugose and elevated lesion in anogenital region

HPV

tx:

0. • Cryotherapy

   • Surgical excision

   • Carbon dioxide laser

preeclampsia

new onset or worsening of existing hypertension with proteinuria after 20 wks gestation

edema

eclampsia

unexplained generalized seizures in pts with preeclampsia

criteria for preeclampsia

Blood pressure criteria for preeclampsia :

Systolic BP ≥ 140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mm Hg (at least 2 measurements taken at least 4 hours apart) (140/90)

Systolic BP ≥ 160 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 110 mm Hg (at least 2 measurements) (160/110)

Proteinuria

• defined as > 300 mg/24 hours or

• protein/creatinine ratio ≥ 0.3 or

• a dipstick reading of 2

HELLP syndrome

HELLP syndrome is a serious pregnancy complication that usually occurs in the later stages of pregnancy, often in women with preeclampsia. The acronym "HELLP" stands for:

- Hemolysis: The breakdown of red blood cells.

- Elevated Liver enzymes: High levels of enzymes in the liver, indicating liver damage.

elevated tests - ALT, AST

- Low Leukocyte count (Platelets): Low levels of platelets, which are essential for blood clotting.

Symptoms can include severe headache, abdominal pain, nausea, and fatigue. It’s a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment to prevent serious complications for both the mother and baby.

0.2-0.6% of pregnancies

vaginitis

common

vaginal discharge

infectious organisms

>candida sp

>trichomonas

cervicitid (3 types)

inflammatory (acute or chronic)

STD

acute nonspecific: post partum

erosive: 2ry to physical agents

cervical neoplasms

inflammatory

complications include bleeding

PAP smear

screens cervical sample for id of pre malignant disorders

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasm (CIN)

squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL)

prevention: HPV vaccine

CIN

abnormal changes of the cells that line the cervix

not a cancer

but can become cancer over time if not treated

>do not cause any symptoms

invasive carcinoma

85-90% squamous in nature evolving from CIN

adenomyosis

presence of endometrial tissue within the myometirum

(inside uterine wall)

endometriosis

presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity or myometrium

endometrial polyp

sessile round pedunculated

abnormal uterine bleeding

may precede adenocarcinoma

leiomyoma

most common benign tumor in females

tumor of smooth muscle (fibroids)

leiomyosarcaoma

malignant tumor derived from mesenchymal cells

>arises from the smooth muscle

>aggressive, high risk of recurrence and death

endometrial carcinoma (adenocarcinomas)

most frequent & related w/ anovoluntary cycle &/or irregular bleeding

menopausal age

associated with endometrial hyperplasia

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

fallopian tubes

inflammatory (infectious) disease which may result in abnormal scarring & stricture of the lumen

ovarian neoplasm

risk factors:

nullipairty

FHX: BRCA 1 & 2 genes

serous tumors

most frequent of the ovarian tumors

cystic or solid

teratomas

15-20% of all ovarian neoplasm

< 20 y/o

mucinous tumors

analogous to serous tumors in all respects but are considered less likely to be malignant

10% of all ovarian neoplasm