Studied by 34 People1 to 3 years of age
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1 to 3 years of age
What ages are the toddler period?
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Delayed gratification Independence Self-Control Negativism
What is the developmental stage for Toddlers?
3 to 5 years of age
What ages are the Pre-School period?
Initiative vs Guilt
Initiate activities with others Inquisitive Enthusiastic learners Feel remorseful for wrong behavior Explore new things/activities
What is the developmental stage for preschoolers?
8.5-10.2
Calcium levels
135-145
Sodium levels
96-106
Chloride levels
70-110
Glucose levels
3.5-5.5
Potassium levels
1.5-2.3
Magnesium Levels
11.5-13.5
Hemoglobin levels for 2-6 year olds
12.5-14.5
Hemoglobin levels for 6-12 year olds
14.5
Hemoglobin levels for 12-18 year old boys
14
Hemoglobin levels for 12-18 year old girls
Direct contact: blisters, saliva, mucous, contaminated objects and surfaces
How is Chickenpox (Varicella Zoster VZV) transmitted?
Airborne: N95 mask
What type of precautions is needed for Chickenpox?
2-3 weeks, average 14-16 days
What is the incubation period of Chickenpox?
5 to 10 days
What is the duration of Chickenpox?
1 day
How long is the prodromal stage for Chickenpox?
1-2 days before eruption of lesions until all have crusted (and every last lesion has to be crusted over until its deemed safe)
What is the period of communicability for chickenpox?
Pyrexia Crust Headache Papules/vesicles Pruritus
What are clinical manifestations of chickenpox?
Airborne and contact precautions Bath/linen change daily Calamine lotion Antihistamines and Antipyretics Keep fingernails short and clean Avoid heat
How do you care for chicken pox?
Secondary bacterial infection and encephalopathy
What can be the complications for chicken pox?
Corynebacterium Diphtheria
Diphtheria is also known as?
Droplet: secretions from mucous membranes (nose, nasopharynx, skin, lesions) Direct contact
How is diphtheria transmitted
2 to 4 weeks. Must have 3 negative cultures before you are clear of it.
What is the period of communicability for diphtheria?
2 to 5 days
What is the incubation period for diphtheria?
common cold/localized symptoms Serosanguineous mucopurulent drainage Epistaxis
What are the nasal clinical manifestations for diphtheria?
Pyrexia, hoarseness, cough Retractions, dyspnea, cyanosis Airway obstruction
What are the laryngeal clinical manifestations for diphtheria?
Malaise, anorexia, sore throat, pyrexia Tachycardia Lymphadenitis (bull's neck) White/gray thick exudate covering mucous membranes Toxemia, septic, shock, death
What are the tonsillar/pharyngeal clinical manifestations for diphtheria?
Antipyretics
Antibiotics: Penicillin G or Erythromycin
Complete Bed Rest: Prevent myocarditis
Tracheostomy for airway obstruction
Requires treatment of contacts (especially those not immunized) and carries of the disease
Can be re-infected if not vaccinated
What is the treatment and nursing care for diphtheria?
Cardiomyopathy Heart Failure Toxic Neuropathy Paralysis and Death
What are complications for diphtheria?
Fifth Disease or slapped cheek disease
Erythema Infectiosum is also known as
Droplet
How is Fifth Disease transmitted?
4 to 14 days, may be up to 21 days
What is the incubation period for fifth disease?
Contagious before symptoms are present
What is the period of communicability for fifth disease?
a Teratogen
Fifth disease is considered as what to pregnant women?
Erythema on face that disappears within 1-4 days
What is stage one of Erythema Infectiosum?
Maculopapular red spots - 1 day after rash on face
Appears symmetrically
Progresses proximal to distal
May last a week or longer
What is stage two of Erythema Infectiosum?
Rash subsides but recur (heat/cold/friction)
What is stage three of Erythema Infectiosum?
Analgesics Antipyretics Anti-inflammatory Ibuprofen
What are supportive/treatment measures for Erythema Infectiosum?
Arthritis/Arthralgia Usually, self limiting
What are complications of Erythema Infectiosum?
Standard and droplet precautions
What type of precautions are taken for Erythema Infectiosum?
Roseola
Exanthem Subitum is also known as
5 to 15 days
What is the incubation period for roseola?
Year round Saliva from healthy adults
How is Roseola transmitted?
Standard precautions
What type of precautions are needed for Roseola?
Unkown
What is the period of communicability for Roseola?
Persistent high fever 3-7 days in child who appears well
Fever disappears as rash appears
Nonpruritic rash that lasts 1-2 days
Discrete rosy pink macular/macropapular
Appears on trunk
Neck, face, extremities
Blanches with pressure
What are some defining characteristics of Roseola?