Med Term Ch 5

Absorption

Passage of materials through walls of small intestine into bloodstream

Amino acids

small building blocks of proteins, released when proteins are digested

Amylase

enzyme secreted by pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch

Anus

terminal end or opening of digestive tract to outside of body

Appendix

blind pouch hanging from cecum

Bile

digestive juice produced in liver and stored in gallbladder, breaks up large fat globules, composed of bile pigments, cholesterol, bile salts

Bilirubin

pigment released by liver in bile

Bowel

intestine

Canine teeth (cuspids or eyeteeth)

pointed, dog like teeth next to incisors

Cecum

first part of large intestine

Colon

consists of ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid segments

Ascending colon

part of colon that extends from cecum to undersurface of liver

Transverse colon

part of colon that passes horizontally left of spleen

Descending colon

area of large intestine that runs from below liver to sigmoid colon

Sigmoid colon

S-shaped portion of large bowel

6 regions of large intestine

cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, rectum

3 regions of small intestine

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Common bile duct (choledochus)

carries bile from liver and gallbladder to duodenum

Defecation

elimination of feces from digestive tract through anus

Deglutition

swallowing

dentin

primary material found in teeth

Digestion

breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms

Duodenum

first part of small intestine, measures 12 inches long

Elimination

act of removal of materials from body

Emulsification

physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules

Enamel

hard, outermost layer of a tooth

Enzyme

chemical that speeds up reactions between substances, enzyme names end in -ase

Esophagus

tube connecting throat to stomach

Fatty acids

substances produced when fats are digested

Feces

solid wastes, stool

Gallbladder

small sac under liver, stores bile

Glucose

simple sugar

Glycogen

storage form of glucose

Hydrochloric acid

substance produced by stomach, necessary for digestion of food

Ileum

third part of small intestine

Incisor

one of four front teeth in dental arch

Insulin

hormone produced by endocrine cells of pancreas, transports sugar from blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by liver

Jejunum

second part of small intestine

Lipase

pancreatic enzyme needed to digest fats

Liver

large organ located in RUQ of abdomen

secretes bile

stores sugar, iron, vitamins

produces blood proteins

destroys worn out RBCs

filters out toxins

normal adult liver weighs about 2.5 to 3 pounds

Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES)

ring of muscles between esophagus and stomach, cardiac sphincter

Mastication

chewing

Molar teeth

sixth, seventh, eighth teeth from middle of either side of dental arch

palate

roof of mouth

Pancreas

organ under stomach, produces insulin and enzymes

Papillae (pipilla)

small bumps on tongue

Parotid gland

salivary gland within cheek, anterior to ear

Peristalsis

muscular wavelike movement to transport food through digestive system

Pharynx

throat, common passageway for food and air

Portal vein

large vein bringing blood from intestines to liver

Protease

enzyme that digests protein

Pulp

soft tissue within tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels

Pyloric sphincter

ring of muscle at end of stomach, near duodenum, opens when wave of peristalsis passes over it

Pylorus

distal region of stomach, opening to duodenum

Rectum

last section of large intestine, connecting end of colon and anus

Rugae

ridges on hard palate and wall of stomach

Saliva

digestive juice produced by salivary glands, lubricates the mouth

Salivary glands

parotid, sublingual, submandibular glands

Sphincter

circular ring of muscle that constricts passage or closes natural opening

Stomach

muscular organ that receives food from esophagus

Triglycerides

large fat molecules in blood

Uvula

soft tissue hanging from middle of soft palate

Villi (villus)

microscopic projections in wall of small intestine that absorb nutrients into bloodstream

an/o

anus

append/o, appendic/o

appendix

bucc/o

cheek

cec/o

cecum

celi/o

belly, abdomen

cheil/o

lip

cholecyst/o

gallbladder

choledoch/o

common bile duct

col/o, colon/o

colon

dent/i

teeth

duoden/o

duodenum

enter/o

intestines, large intestine

esophag/o

esophagus

faci/o

face

gastr/o

stomach

gingiv/o

gums

gloss/o

tongue

hepat/o

liver

ile/o

ileum

jejun/o

jejunum

labi/o

lip

lapar/o

abdomen

lingu/o

tongue

mandibul/o

lower jaw, mandible

odont/o

teeth

or/o

mouth

palat/o

palate

pancreat/o

pancreas

peritone/o

peritoneum

pharyng/o

pharynx

proct/o

anus and rectum

pylor/o

pyloric sphincter

rect/o

rectum

sialaden/o

salivary gland

sigmoid/o

sigmoid colon

stomat/o

mouth

uvul/o

uvula