Applied maths chapter 1

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what is a population

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23 Terms

1

what is a population

the whole set of items that are of interest

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2

what is a census

something that observes or measures every member of a population

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3

what is a sample

a selection of observations taken from a subset of a population which is used to find out information about the population as a whole

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4

advantages of a census

should give a completely accurate result

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5

disadvantages of a census

time consuming and expensive

cannot be used when the testing process is destructive

hard to process large quantities of data

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6

sample advantages

less time consuming and expensive

fewer people need to respond

less data to process

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7

sample disadvantages

data may not be a s accurate

sample may not be large enough to give info about small sub groups of the populationj

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8

individual units of a population are known as

sampling units - often individually named or numbered

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9

what are the three methods of random sampling

simple random

systematic

stratified

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10

in stratified sampling, the strata must be…

mutually exclusive

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11

advantages of simple random sampling

free of bias

easy and cheap for small populations and samples

each sampling unit has a known and equal chance of selection

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12

disadvantages of simple random sampling

not suitable when population/sample size is large as it is potentially time consuming, disruptive and expensive

sampling frame needed

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13

systematic sampling advantages

simple and quick

suitable for large samples and populations

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14

systematic sampling disadvantages

sampling frame needed

can introduce bias if sampling frame is not random

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15

stratified sampling advantages

sample accurately reflects population structure

guarantees proportional representation of groups within a population

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16

stratified sampling disadvantages

population must be clearly classified into distinct strata

selection within each stratum has the same disadvantages as simple random sampling

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17

what is quota sampling

when the sample is chosen to reflect the characteristics of the whole population

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18

opportunity sampling is

taking the sample from people who are available at the time the study is carried out and who fit the criteria you are looking for

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19

quota sampling advantages

small sample can still be representative

no sampling frame required

quick easy and cheap

allows for easy comparison between different groups in a population

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20

disadvantages of quota sampling

non random so can be biased

population must be divided into groups - costly/inaccurate

increasing scope of study increases number of groups - time and expense

non-responses not recorded as such

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21

opportunity sampling advantages

easy and cheap

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22

opportunity sampling disadvantages

unlikely to be representative

highly dependent on individual researcher

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23
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