AP hug unit 2

Population distribution

The pattern in which humans are spread out on Earth’s surface

Eurasia

A massive piece of land on Earth that consists of Europe, with just under 10 percent of the human population, and Asia, which accounts for almost 60 percent of humanity

population clusters

Heavily populated areas that illustrate the unevenness in global population distribution; geographers have identified four population clusters on Earth: South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Europe

megacity

A city with more than 10 million residents

metacity

A city with more than 20 million residents

developed country

A country with an advanced economy and a high standard of living

developing country

A country that is of relatively low income or economically poorer than developed countries

snow belt

States located in the northern and midwestern parts of the country

sunbelt

States in coastal areas and the South and Southwest

mean center of pop

The balancing point given the distribution of population

population density

The average number of people per unit of land area

arethmetic density

The average number of people per unit of land area (usually per square mile or kilometer)

physiological density

The average number of people per unit area (a square mile or kilometer) of arable land

arable land

Land suitable for cultivation

agricultural density

The number of farmers per unit of arable land

carrying capacity

The maximum population an environment can sustainably support with its available resources.

human well being

The state of being comfortable, healthy, or happy

generations

Groups of people who were born around the same time and share some common traits due to the cultural and societal influences they shared as they grew up

sex ratio

The ratio of the number of men to number of women in a population

Androcentrism

A phenomenon in which a culture demonstrates a marked preference for males

infantcide

The practice of killing infants

population pyramid

A very useful graphic device for comparing age and sex structure

demographic equation

The method for calculating total population of a country or place based on natural increase and migration over a period of time (usually a year)

crude birth rate

The average number of births per 1000 people; the traditional way of measuring birth rates

low birth rate

A crude birth rate between 10 and 20 births per 1000 people

transitional birth rate

A crude birth rate between 20 and 30 births per 1000 people

high birth rate

A crude birth rate of more than 30 per 1000 people

total fertility rate

The average number of children born per woman during her reproductive lifetime, considered to be from 15 to 49 years of age

replacment level fertility

The average number of children needed to replace both parents and stabilize population over time

gender roles

Culturally specific notions of what it means to be a man or woman

crude death rates

The number of deaths per year per 1000 people

infant mortality rate

A measure of how many infants die within the first year of their life per 1000 live births

child mortality

Deaths of children under five years of age

rate of natural increase

The difference between the number of births and deaths in a given year, when expressed as a percentage of total population

zero population growth

When a country has the same number of births and deaths in a given year, its rate of natural increase (RNI) is zero

doubling time

The number of years it takes for a population to double in size