Grade 11 chemistry - Acids and Bases

Oxyacid

An acid that includes oxygen in its formula

Ionization

The formation of ions from uncharged molecules

Strong acid

A substance that ionizes completely in water; strong acids have strong acidic properties

Weak acid

A substance that only partially ionizes in water; weak acids have weak acidic properties (e.g., moderate oh and mild reactivity)

Titration

A procedure used to determine the concentration of a solution using a standardized solution

Titrant

The solution in the burette during a titration

Burette

A calibrated tube used to deliver variable known volumes of a liquid during a titration

Equivalence point

The point in a titration when neutralization is complete

Endpoint

The point during a titration when a sudden change in an observable property of the solution occurs; usually a change in colour of an acid-base indicator or a significant change in pH

Properties of acids

-less than 7

-conductivity varies

-sour

-no special feel

Properties of bases

-Greater than 7

-Conductivity varie

-Bitter

-Slippery

Acid indicators

Thymol blue - turns red (1.2 to 2.8) or turns yellow (8.0 to 9.6)

Methyl red - turns red (4.4 to 6.2)

Bromothymol blue - turns yellow ( 6.0 to 7.6)

Phenolphthalein - turns colourless (8.0 to 9.6)

Alizarin yellow - turns yellow (10.1 to 12.0)

Base indicators

Thymol blue - turns yellow (1.2 to 2.8) or turns blue (8.0 to 9.6)

Methyl red - turns yellow (4.4 to 6.2)

Bromothymol blue - turns blue (6.0 to 7.6)

Phenolphthalein - turns pink (8.0 to 9.6)

Alizarin yellow - turns red (10.1 to 12.0)