Basic and Applied Sciences and Nutritional Concepts Review

A comprehensive set of flashcards for reviewing key concepts in Basic and Applied Sciences and Nutritional Concepts relevant for exams.

What is the human movement system comprised of?

The human movement system includes the integration of the nervous, skeletal, and muscular systems.

What does the nervous system provide?

The nervous system provides sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) information.

What is the functional unit of the nervous system?

The neuron is the functional unit of the nervous system.

What divisions make up the nervous system?

The nervous system includes the Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).

What receptors are included in the PNS?

The PNS contains mechanoreceptors, nociceptors, chemoreceptors, and photoreceptors.

What are the two important sensory receptors in the PNS?

The muscle spindle and Golgi tendon organ are two important sensory receptors in the PNS.

What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?

The autonomic nervous system supplies neural input to organs for involuntary processes of the body.

What are the two subdivisions of the PNS?

The two subdivisions of the PNS are the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.

What are the three stages of motor skill development?

The three stages of motor skill development are cognitive, associative, and autonomous.

What is the skeletal system responsible for?

The skeletal system provides support for the body and protects internal organs.

How many bones are in the human skeletal system?

There are 206 bones in the human skeletal system.

What are the two divisions of the skeletal system?

The skeletal system has two divisions: axial and appendicular.

What are the five categories of bones?

The five categories of bones are long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid.

What are the segments of the vertebral column?

The segments of the vertebral column include cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx.

What describes bone movement?

Osteokinematic describes bone movement.

What is the sliding filament theory?

The sliding filament theory describes how myosin and actin filaments slide past one another to produce a muscle contraction.

What is the function of the diaphragm in respiration?

The diaphragm is the primary muscle responsible for drawing air into the lungs during inspiration.

What is the role of insulin in the body?

Insulin aids in the cellular uptake and storage of glucose.

What defines excessive post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)?

EPOC is the state in which the body's metabolism is elevated after exercise.

What are the three types of muscles in the human body?

The three types of muscles in the human body are skeletal, cardiac, and smooth.

What are first-class levers?

First-class levers are levers where the fulcrum is in the middle, like a seesaw.

What happens during the eccentric phase of the stretch-shortening cycle?

The eccentric phase involves the muscle lengthening under tension.

What is the AMDR for carbohydrates?

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for carbohydrates is 45% to 65% of total calories.

What is the function of dietary supplements?

Dietary supplements are used to supplement the diet by providing additional vitamins, minerals, amino acids, etc.

What does the term 'ergogenic aid' refer to?

An ergogenic aid is a dietary supplement that may enhance performance or body composition.

What is the role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?

The hypothalamus controls a majority of functions of the endocrine system.

What is glucagon's function?

Glucagon functions to regulate blood glucose levels, working opposite to insulin.