RFID and NFC (Part 2)

What is the key difference between RFID and NFC range?

• RFID can operate short and long distances (cm to m)

• NFC is limited to short range (4cm)

How does RFID differ from NFC in terms of communication direction?

• RFID is typically one-directional - reader interrogates tag

• NFC supports bidirectional peer-to-peer communication between two active devices

Which technology is commonly used in smartphones?

NFC

• RFID requires separate hardware

What do RFID and NFC have in common?

They both use the same HF frequency

• Both use radio waves for wireless communication

• Require no physical contact

• Both used in contactless smart cards

What is RFID skimming?

An attack where a malicious reader convert the reads RFID data from cards/tags without the owners knowledge

• exploiting the passive nature of tags

How can you protect RFID credit cards from skimming?

Use RFID blocking wallets/sleeves or keep cards away from unauthorised readers

What is a NFC relay attack?

An attacker uses two devices to relay NFC communication between a legitimate reader and a card over a long distance, enabling fraudulent transaction

Why is NFC’s short range considered a security feature?

The 4 cm range makes cover eavesdropping and interception much harder

• physical proximity is required which is harder to do undetected at such a short range

What is a Faraday cage in the context of RFID/NFC security?

A metallic enclosure that blocks electromagnetic fields

• used in RFID shielding wallet and passport covers to prevent an scanning of cards/passports