X-ray Equipment (Ch. 6 part 1)

What are the two types of things that medical x-ray equipment be classified as?

Diagnostic or therapeutic

What do diagnostic x-ray units include?

General procedures, head procedure, fluoroscopy, cardiac Cath. etc

What do therapeutic x-ray units include?

Treatment

What can tube current range from for diagnostic units?

10 to 1200 mA

What can exposure time range from for diagnostic units?

0.0001 to 10 seconds

What can potential difference range from for diagnostic units?

25 to 150 kVp

What does tube current range from for therapeutic units?

Below 20 mA

What does the exposure time range from for therapeutic units?

1 to 60 minutes

What does the x-ray energy range from for therapeutic units?

4 to 40 meV

What is the x-ray table designed for?

To support the patient for their exam

____ is no the primary purpose of the x-ray table, although some institutions permit pads

Comfort

True or false: the x-ray table must be radiolucent

True

What is the most common x-ray table top that is radiolucent called?

Bakelite or carbon graphite fiber

The x-ray table can be ____ or _____

Flat or curved

Is flat or curved x-ray tables more common?

Flat

Where are curved x-ray tables usually found?

On fluoro tables

What can the curved x-ray table also be called?

Dished

What are the two advantages of the curved x-ray table?

1. More comfortable

2. Allows the body part to be placed closer to the film (decrease in OID), therefore increasing the spatial resolution of the radiograph

What are the three disadvantages of the curved x-ray table?

1. Difficult to keep the patient in an oblique or lateral position

2. Useless for tabletop radiography

3. Unable to perform decubitus or cross-table exams

The x-ray table must include a space for a tray to hold the film cassettes and grid, known as the?

Bucky tray

The Bucky tray must be clean and is _____ to scratch

Hard

Most x-ray tables are moveable, however some _____ table tops still exist

Stationary

Most in-table grids are reciprocating, which means?

They will blur out grid lines

In most modern x-ray tables, both the ____ and the ____ move to best position the patient

Tabletop and grid

What are the types of x-ray tabletops?

• Motor driven

• Floating

• Fixed

• Tilting

What are tilting x-ray tables used for?

Fluoro or R & F (radiographic and fluoroscopic) rooms

How are tilting tables described?

By the angle that the table tilts in each direction

Tilting tables tilt ____ in an upright position/feet down

90 degrees

Tilting x-ray tables tilt ____ in the opposite direction(from 90)/head down

15-30 degrees

Most x-ray tables are at a fixed height which is?

30 to 40 inches (75 to 100 cm)

Why would you want to lower the x-ray table?

TO allow the patient to get on and off the table easily

Why would you want to raise the x-ray table?

To allow for radiographers to have a comfortable working height

What four things are included in ancillary equipment?

1. Foot board

2. Shoulder supports

3. Hand grips

4. Compression bands

When are foot boards used in radiology?

For gastrointestinal studies

When are shoulder supports used in radiography?

When the head is tilted down

When are compression bands used in radiography?

Used to restrain the patient during an exam

What are the 5 types of tube supports?

1. Overhead

2. Floor-to-ceiling

3. Floor

4. Mobile

5. C-arm

What is this an image of?

Overhead suspension system

What are overhead suspension systems also called?

The ceiling system

The overhead suspension system contains ____ sets of rails in the ceiling and a telescoping column attached to the tube

Two

The overhead suspension system can rotate ____ around the column

360 degrees

The overhead suspension system can roll or pitch up to ___ transversely or side to side

60 degrees

The overhead suspension system track allows the tube to be moved anywhere in the room, making it the most ____ and most _____ system

FLexible, expensive

The overhead suspension system “detents” lock at specific places around the room at what distances?

40 and 72 inches

The floor-to-ceiling suspension system consists of ____ rain on the ceiling, ___ rail on the floor, a telescoping arm for transverse positioning, and a column that slides up and down for vertical movement

One

The floor-to- ceiling suspension system is cheaper and _____ flexible than overhead systems

Less

What is this an image of?

Floor suspension system

Where are floor-to-ceiling suspension systems usually found?

In rooms with high ceilings

What does the floor suspension system consist of?

A tube support column mounted on a rail system on the floor

The floor suspension system can be tipped over unless ______

Counterbalanced

THe floor suspension system can angle, but some units ____ allow pivoting at the column

Do not

What system needs more space between the table and wall than any other system?

Floor suspension system

What are mobile systems considered?

Portables

What do mobile systems consist of?

A tube, suspension system, and power source and are mounted on wheels

What does the C-arm tube suspension system consist of?

A tube and image reception that are fixed at the opposite ends of the C

Some c-arm’s are fixed/stationary and some are _____

Mobile

C-arm’s are very ____ and move in every direction

Flexible

C-arms have both fluoro and _____ capability

Still-shot

When is a mobile C-arm used?

During surgical procedures

What are the 5 types of specialized (dedicated) equipment?

1. Head units

2. Upright units (chest stands)

3. Chest units or chest changers

4. Panoramic units or Panoramic Tomography (“Panorex”)

5. Mammography, Tomography, CT, MRI, etc

What are head units also called?

“Franklin head units”

Head units are like a floor-to ceiling mounted ____?

C-arm (aka U-arm)

What are head units used for to radiograph?

Cranium, facial bones, and cervical spine

Head units do not include a ____, so instead the pt will sit between the tube and image receptor

Table

What are upright units used for?

Chests, c-spines, sinuses, AC joints, weight bearing studies, etc

Chest units or chest changers consist of an _____ with an automatic film feed from a storage box (100 14×17 films) to receive a magazine

Upright bucky

Chest usints or chest changers are great for doing ______, but lousy for doing anything else

Upright chest film

What are panoramic units or panoramic tomography used for?

Dental or mandibular x-rays