Chapter 1 - Homeostasis and Feedback

Fill in the Blank Question

The study of function is called

physiology

What is the ability of nerve and muscle cells to produce quick reactions called?

Multiple choice question.

Differentiation

Reactivity

Stimulus

Excitability

Excitability

Homeostasis is the ability of an organism to Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

move away from an unstable external environment

maintain a stable internal environment

grow

reproduce

maintain a stable internal environment

What is an increase in the size of a cell or organism called?

Multiple choice question.

Differentiation

Excitability

Growth

Mutation

Growth

Differences in sex, age, weight, diet, degree of physical activity, environment, among other things are important what?

Multiple choice question.

Selective variations

Metaphysical variations

Anatomical variations

Physiological variations

Physiological variations

Physiology is the study of Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

body structures

matter

body functions

cells

body functions

Fill in the Blank Question

The internal state of the body is best described as a(n) ________equilibrium, where there is a set average point and conditions fluctuate around that point.

dynamic

Responsiveness is also known as Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

excitability

growth

stimuli

metabolism

excitability

Which of the following is an example of a physiological negative feedback mechanism?

Contractions during delivery

Body temperature

Blood clotting cascade

Body temperature

What is the body's tendency to maintain relatively stable internal conditions in spite of greater changes in its external environment called?

Excitability

Homeostasis

Static equilibrium

Homeostasis

Baroreceptors detect changes in Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

heart rate

pressure

temperature

sodium concentrations

pressure

What is the process of transforming a cell with no specialized function into a cell with a specialized function called?

Multiple choice question.

Growth

Mutation

Excitability

Differentiation

Differentiation

Multiple Choice Question

What is a cell or organ that is specialized to detect a stimulus called?

Multiple choice question.

Receptor

Effector

Integrator

Receptor

If the textbook states a value for a typical human heart rate, you should assume that the value refers to the heart rate of a(n) Blank______.

child

healthy 22-year-old

obese 40-year-old

healthy 35-year-old

healthy 22-year-old

An integrating center Blank______.

processes information

detects a change in conditions

contracts in response to a stimulus

processes information

What type of equilibrium occurs when there is a set average point and conditions fluctuate around that point?

Multiple choice question.

Variable

Dynamic

Static

Independent

Dynamic

What is the cell or organ that directly carries out a response to a stimulus called?

Multiple choice question.

Integrator

Effector

Receptor

Effector

Fill in the Blank Question

Blood pressure is controlled by a ______ feedback mechanism.

negative

Which of the following are examples of a positive feedback mechanism?

Maintenance of normal body temperature

Contractions during childbirth

Maintenance of normal blood pressure

Formation of a blood clot

Contractions during childbirth

Formation of a blood clot

Which receptor detects pressure changes?

Nociceptor

Baroreceptor

Proprioceptor

Thermoreceptor

Baroreceptor

Without the expenditure of energy, the net movement of matter in a physiological gradient will always be from a region of Blank______ concentration to a region of Blank______ concentration.

lower; higher

higher; lower

higher; lower

Fill in the Blank Question

The name for a structure that is specialized to detect a stimulus is a(n) _______

receptor

Which part of a feedback mechanism processes information, relates it to other information, and makes a decision of action?

Receptor

Integrating center

Effector

Integrating center

Fill in the Blank Question

A structure that carries out a response to a stimulus is called a(n) _____

effector

What type of feedback is a self-amplifying cycle in which a physiological change leads to an even greater change in the same direction?

Positive

Negative

Positive

Without the use of energy, matter tends to flow Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

up gradients

down gradients

down gradients