S2 B1-B2 NOW I KNOW HOW JOAN OF ARC FELT

martyr

Someone who dies for their beliefs or a cause.

medieval revival

A renewed interest in medieval culture.

witch hunts/trials

Historical events where people, especially women, were accused of witchcraft and punished.

lore

Traditional stories or knowledge about a subject; slang: personal history, backstory.

to execute smb

To kill someone as a legal punishment.

accused of/condemned for heresy

Charged with or officially punished for having beliefs that go against official religious teachings.

witchcraft

The use of magic, often seen as evil or supernatural.

virgin savior

A pure and heroic figure who saves others.

chaste

Pure, especially in a moral or sexual sense.

virtuous patriot

A morally good person who loves their country.

to defy sth

To resist or challenge something openly.

to burn smb at the stake

To kill someone by burning them, often as punishment.

heretic

Someone whose beliefs go against official religious teachings.

to be canonized as a saint

To be officially recognized as a saint.

rampant misogyny

Widespread hatred or prejudice against women.

a symbol of resistance

Someone or something that represents fighting against oppression.

ardent Christian

A very passionate or devoted Christian.

to break gender barriers

To overcome gender-based limits.

to cross-dress as a man

To wear men’s clothing.

through a feminist lens

From a feminist perspective.

to be revered as a saint

To be deeply respected and honored as a holy figure.

to reinterpret sth

To explain or understand something in a new way.

to sacrifice

To give up something important for a greater cause.

plate and chainmail armor

Protective clothing made of metal plates and chains, worn by medieval soldiers.

to evoke a nostalgic past

To remind of the past.

faux-medieval aesthetic

An imitation of the medieval style.

peasants’ revolt

A rebellion by poor workers against their rulers.

to cast away/abandon your phone

To stop using your phone.

medievalist

Someone who studies or is passionate about the Middle Ages.

medieval-themed parties

Having a medieval style.

to sport historically inaccurate clothing

To wear clothes that are not true to the historical period.

to conceptualize the past

To imagine or understand the past in a certain way.

cultural fascination with

A strong interest in something.

perennial

Something that lasts for a long time or keeps coming back.

to saturate media

To fill media with a lot of something.

medieval-ish

Somewhat like the Middle Ages, but not exactly.

spurred by sth

Caused or encouraged by something.

to tout something

To praise or promote something enthusiastically.

to proliferate on Pinterest

To spread on Pinterest.

flowing gowns

Long, loose dresses.

to detach from the actual past

To ignore the real history.

to conquer sth

To take control of something by force or effort.

to amass vast wealth

To gather a huge amount of money.

to wield power

To have and use power or influence.

to carve out a space for yourself

To create a place or role for yourself, often through effort.

clad in armor

Dressed in armor.

tech-bro

A stereotype of a wealthy man working in the tech industry.

medieval resurgence

A renewed interest in medieval culture.

to become prevalent

To become common or widespread.

to pop up

To appear suddenly or unexpectedly.

kitschy

Tacky or overly decorative in a way that is considered tasteless.

iteration of sth

A version or example of something, often with small changes.

ornate illustrations

Highly detailed and decorative drawings or designs.

to turn to the occult/supernatural

To become interested in magic, spirits, or supernatural forces.

amalgamation of sth

A combination or mixture of different things.

inspired by Catholic imagery

Influenced by religious art or symbols.

vibrant color palette

A range of bright and lively colors.

regal queen

A queen who looks royal, elegant, and powerful.

to rule a kingdom

To govern a country as its king or queen.

to imitate armor

To copy the style or appearance of armor.

to mix armor with casual clothing

To combine style armor with everyday outfits.

moody

Having a dark, emotional, or mysterious atmosphere.

sociopolitical implications

Effects or meanings related to society and politics.

to regress as a society

To become less advanced as a society.

weakened states

Countries that have lost power or stability.

neomedievalism

An idea that society resembles the Middle Ages, with fragmented power structures, weakened states, and a clear hierarchy.

technofeudalism

An idea that technology companies are similar to feudal lords who have control over the peasants.

noble

Relating to high social status, honor, or moral qualities.

to wear your hair loose

To have your hair down, not tied up.

medievalesque

Something that looks or feels like the Middle Ages.

cathedral

A large and important church, often with a tall spire.

pleated skirt

A skirt with folds in the fabric.

puffed sleeves

Sleeves that are full and rounded at the top.

scattershot attitude

Not caring much about being correct or precise.

unfitted/fitted clothing

Loose or tight clothing that hugs the body.

nun

A woman who lives in a religious community.

veil

A piece of fabric worn to cover the face or head.

to be off

To not be accurate or correct.

cloak

A long, loose piece of clothing worn over other clothes.

bodice

The upper part of a dress, often fitted.

picturesque

Visually attractive.

visual trope

A common or repeated theme in art.

to depict fantastic scenes

To show fictional images.

confined to fine art

Limited to high-quality traditional art.

to revive

To bring something back or make it popular again.

contemporary fashion

Modern clothing styles.

historically-inspired clothing

Clothes designed to look like they are from the past.

inaccurate depiction

Incorrect representations.

to span numerous decades

To cover many years or periods.

to mix and match

To combine different styles or items.

to make an emotional impact

To create strong feelings in someone.

to dip your toes into something

To try something new or unfamiliar.

artwork/piece of art

Paintings, drawings, or sculptures, etc.