S2 B1-B2 NOW I KNOW HOW JOAN OF ARC FELT
martyr – someone who dies for their beliefs or a cause
medieval revival – a renewed interest in medieval culture
witch hunts/trials – historical events where people, especially women, were accused of witchcraft and punished
lore – traditional stories or knowledge about a subject; slang: personal history, backstory
to execute smb – to kill smb as a legal punishment
accused of/condemned for heresy – charged with/ officially punished having beliefs that go against official religious teachings
witchcraft – the use of magic, often seen as evil or supernatural
virgin savior – a pure and heroic figure who saves others
chaste – pure, especially in a moral or sexual sense
virtuous patriot – a morally good person who loves their country
to defy sth – to resist or challenge sth openly
to burn smb at the stake – to kill smb by burning them, often as punishment
heretic – smb whose beliefs go against official religious teachings
to be canonized as a saint – to be officially recognized as a saint
rampant misogyny – widespread hatred or prejudice against women
a symbol of resistance – smb or sth that represents
fighting against oppression
ardent Christian – a very passionate or devoted Christian
to break gender barriers – to overcome gender-based limits
to cross-dress as a man – to wear men’s clothing
through a feminist lens – from a feminist perspective
to be revered as a saint – to be deeply respected
and honored as a holy figure
to reinterpret sth – to explain or understand sth in a new way
to sacrifice – to give up sth important for a greater cause
plate and chain armor – protective clothing made of metal plates and chains, worn by medieval soldiers
to evoke a nostalgic past – to remind of the past
faux-medieval aesthetic – an imitation of the medieval style
peasants’ revolt – a rebellion by poor workers against their rulers
to cast away/abandon your phone – to stop using your phone
medievalist – smb who studies or is passionate about the Middle Ages
medieval-themed parties – having a medieval style
to sport historically inaccurate (clothing) – to wear clothes that are not true to the historical period
to conceptualize the past – to imagine or understand the past in a certain way
cultural fascination with – a strong interest in sth
perennial – sth that lasts for a long time or keeps coming back
to saturate media – to fill media (TV, internet, etc) with a lot of sth
medieval-ish – somewhat like the Middle Ages, but not exactly
spurred by sth – caused or encouraged by sth
to tout something – to praise or promote sth enthusiastically
to proliferate on Pinterest – to spread on Pinterest
flowing gowns – long, loose dresses
to detach from the actual past – to ignore the real history
to conquer sth – to take control of sth by force or effort
to amass vast wealth – to gather a huge amount of money
to wield power – to have and use power or influence
to carve out a space for yourself – to create a place or role for yourself, often through effort
clad in armor – dressed in armor
tech-bro – a stereotype of a wealthy man working in the tech industry
medieval resurgence – a renewed interest in medieval culture
to become prevalent – to become common or widespread
to pop up – to appear suddenly or unexpectedly
kitschy – tacky or overly decorative in a way that is considered tasteless
iteration of sth – a version or example of sth, often with small changes
ornate illustrations – highly detailed and decorative drawings or designs
to turn to the occult/supernatural – to become interested in magic, spirits, or supernatural forces
amalgamation of sth – a combination or mixture of different things
inspired by Catholic imagery – influenced by religious art or symbols
vibrant color palette – a range of bright and lively colors
regal queen – a queen who looks royal, elegant, and powerful
to rule a kingdom – to govern a country as its king or queen
to imitate armor – to copy the style or appearance of armor
to mix armor with casual clothing – to combine style armor with everyday outfits
moody – having a dark, emotional, or mysterious atmosphere
sociopolitical implications – effects or meanings related to
society and politics
to regress as a society – to become less advanced as a society
weakened states – countries that have lost power or stability
neomedievalism – an idea that society resembles the Middle Ages,
with fragmented power structures, weakened states, and a
clear hierarchy
technofeudalism – an idea that technology companies are similar
to feudal lords who have control over the peasants (regular people)
noble – relating to high social status, honor, or moral qualities
to wear your hair loose – to have your hair down, not tied up
medievalesque – sth that looks or feels like the Middle Ages
cathedral – a large and important church, often with a tall spire
pleated skirt – a skirt with folds in the fabric
puffed sleeves – sleeves that are full and rounded at the top
scattershot attitude - not caring much about being correct or precise
unfitted/fitted – loose or tight clothing that hugs the body
nun – a woman who lives in a religious community and
veil – a piece of fabric worn to cover the face or head
to be off – to not be accurate or correct
cloak – a long, loose piece of clothing worn over other clothes
bodice – the upper part of a dress, often fitted
picturesque – (of a place or building) visually attractive
visual trope – a common or repeated theme in art
to depict fantastic scenes – to show fictional images
confined to fine art – limited to high-quality traditional art
to revive – to bring sth back or make it popular again
contemporary fashion – modern clothing styles
historically-inspired clothing – clothes designed to look like they are from the past
inaccurate depiction – incorrect representations
to span numerous decades – to cover many years or periods
to mix and match – to combine different styles or items
to make an emotional impact – to create strong feelings in smb
to dip your toes into something – to try sth new or unfamiliar
artwork/piece of art – paintings, drawings, or sculptures, etc.