Fish Reproduction
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83 Terms
are female ovaries paired?
Yes
Description of female ovaries
Large, yellowish in color, granular in texture
how much weight are fish ovaries during reproductive periods ?
30-70% body weight
what is sexual dimorphism
changes in size or shape between males and females in a species.
what is dichromatism
changes in color between males and females in a species
do all fish have sexual dimorphism and dichromatism ?
No, many lack sexual dimorphism and dichromatism
are male testes smooth or rough?
Smooth
are testes a white or dark structure
white structure
How much body weight are testes during the reproductive periods?
12% of body weight
Where does sperm (milt) in fish like salmon exit through?
the abdominal pore
where do chondrichthyes store sperm?
sperm stored in seminal vesicle
Do teleosts have a sperm duct?
Yes
how many tubercles do male creek chubsuckers have on both sides of their head?
three
when are tubercles present on males?
during the breeding season
do females have tubercles?
No, females do not have tubercles.
What are tubercles made of?
Keratin
what are tubercles used for?
species recognition, fighting, and defense of nests
what are the 4 stages of the development of fish embryos called?
cleavage
blastula
epiboly
gastrula
what is cleavage? (referring to the development of fish embryos)
Early cell division that occurs in a fertilized egg
what is blastula? (referring to the development of fish embryos)
Early stage of development in embryo that forms a hollow ball of cells.
what is epiboly? (referring to the development of fish embryos)
spreading and thinning of ectoderm and movement of the mesoderm and endoderm layers to the inside. Begins after the blastula stage is complete
what is Gastrula? (referring to the development of fish embryos)
refers to the formation of the gut
R-seleion is a selective strategy that farvors:___,___,___
The production of large numbers of offspring with low survival rates
Short-life span which means smaller organism
little care for offspring once egg is fertilized
Example of an R-selection fish
Danios. They are egg scatterers that provide no parental care and produce many eggs
K-selection is a selective strategy that favors:___,___,___
The production of few offspring with high survival rates
longer life spend which means bigger organisms
long term parental care for offspring or born at a larger size
Example of K-selection fish?
Bonnethead sharks.
what are the 5 major stages of development for Fry?
Embryonic
larval
juveniles
adult
senescent
what is the saltasional theory?
when development proceeds gradually until an abrupt change in behavior occurs once the threshold is reached .
What is the alternative theory?
entire process is gradual and stages are arbitrary
what is the embryonic period?
when the developing individual is entirely dependent on nutrition provided by the mother. yolk sac or placenta-like connection in viviparous fish.
Embryonic period into three pieces: _____
cleavage egg
embryo
free embryo
what is the free embryo stage?
embry no longer curled, more fish like, but still reliant on yolk sac or mother for nutrition
when does the larval period begin?
when the fish is able to catch food
when does the larval period end ?
when the axial skeleton forms
how long can the larval period last in marine fish?
two weeks - months
In marine pelagic larvae: mortality is ______(high or low). Also, its a time of ______
High; larval dispersal
in fry, are juveniles organs fully formed and have mature ganoids??
yes, organs are fully formed; no, ganoids are not mature yet
Where do sturgeons hatch?
In freshwater rivers
When do sturgeons head to sea?
head to sea as sub-adults
why do sturgeon return to frshwater?
To spawn and reproduce
how long can sturgeons live for?
can live up to 60 years
are sturgeon K-selection or R-selection?
K-selection
where do catadromous spend most of their life?
in freshwater
why do catadromous migrate to salt water?
to spawn and reproduce.
What is the best known examples of a catadromous fish?
eels
Do catadromous fish eat while in saltwater?
normally, no they do not
Are all eels catadromous?
No, some eels from the pacific or atlantic ocean never enter freshwater
saltwater reared = high or low levels of strontium?
high levels of strontium
freshwater reared = high or low levels of strontium?
low levels of strontium
where do european flounders usually travel in to?
estuaries and river
Where are juvenile european flounders common?
estuaries or rivers (low salinity)
why do adult european flounders leave freshwater in the fall?
To spawn in saltwater.
are european flounders nektonic or planktonic?
planktonic (drifts around freely, in this case, towards the shore)
Where do thin lipped grey mullets migrate to feed?
freshwater habitats
when do thin lipped grey mullets spawn?
they spawn in large groups during the summer and early fall
Where do thin lipped grey mullets spawn?
saltwater and further offshore
are thin lipped grey mullets K-selection or R-selection
K-selection
Where do adult thin lipped grey mullets thrive?
in low salinity water
what are non-gaurders
fish that do not protect their eggs and young after spawning
what are the 2 categories of non-gaurders
scatter eggs unhidden (open substrate spawners)
Behaviorally hide eggs (brood spawners)
in what position do non-gaurders typically breed?
in large groups with no structure
What are Gaurders
they guard embryo until it hatches and sometimes care for larval stages
do guarders lack structure?
No, gaurders have courtship and territorial behavior
example of a gaurder fish
freshwater angelfish will pair off, defend egg site, and attack intruders
except among cichlids, who are embryos gaurded by? (Male or female)
Usually Male
what do bearers do?
fish bearers carry their embryos and sometimes their young around with them
What is an adaptation that external bearers have?
Short-term attachment of embryos to the adult mouth brooders
Examples of external bearers
sea catfish, cichlids, pipefish, and seahorses.
what are internal bearers ?
females carry embryo and/or young internally. they produce a small amount of active offspring.
examples of internal bearers
guppies and sharks
in aquaculture, what happens after eggs are produce at one facility?
the eggs then get shipped to another for hatching and grow-out.
how are eggs shipped?
on ice in shipping boxes and gradually brought up to room temperature
what is hatching dependent on for rainbow trout?
temperature
attributes of hatching rainbow trout in 55F :
hatching 3 weeks post fertilization or 4-7 days of being received as eyed eggs
attributes of hatching rainbow trout in 45F:
hatching 7 weeks of post fertilization
what do suppliers and hatcheries use to disinfect eggs
iodine
methods that eggs could be counted in
Von Bayer Method V-trough
Electronic egg encounter
displacement method
what are trays used for in aqualture/ hatcheries?
used to house a large amount of eggs. they are transferred before hatching.
can upwelling incubators be used for eggs?
yes
how much are trout fed per day for the first 2-3 weeks?
10% of their body weight
how often are trout fed ?
every 15 minutes is ideal
what is the recommended stocking density for shipping?
1 pound of fish per cubic foot
can fish be vaccinated?
depending on the species
Note 
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