BIOL 2301 Chap 1
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19 Terms
genetics
study of heredity, how inherited variation is encoded, replicated, and expressed, and how it evolves over time
subdivisions of genetics
transmission
molecular
population
fundamentals of genetics
separating genetic and environmental influences
genome
a complete set of genetic instructions for any organism
RNA or DNA
most are DNA
viruses can have single DNA and double RNA
encoded in nucleic acids
genetic diversity and evolution
all life evolved from same primordial organism 3.5-4 billion yrs ago
organisms have similar genetic systems so genes can function in foreign cells
transmission genetics
classical genetics
basic principles of heredity and how traits are passed on
relationship between chromosomes and heredity
individual organism
molecular genetics
chemical nature of gene
how info is encoded, replicated, and expressed
population genetics
genetics changing within populations
model genetic organism
widely used in research
used as models for genetic systems of difficult to study organisms
short generation time, large but manageable progeny, adaptability to a lab, housed + propagated inexpensively
preformists
each sperm has a tiny baby inside- we came from adam
pangenesis theory
genetic info from diff body parts travels to reproductive organs where it’s transferred to gametes
widely believed
incorrect
germ plasm theory
germ-line tissue in reproductive organs contains a complete set of genetic info that’s transferred directly to gametes
correct
blending inheritance
traits of an offspring are a blend of parental traits
cell theory
1839
Theodor Schwann
all life composed of cells that arise only from pre-existing cells, which are the fundamental unit of structure and function in living organisms
PCR
polymerase chain reaction
developed in 1983 by Kary Mullis
eukaryotic
more complex
nucleus and membrane bound organelles
prokaryotic
no nuclear membrane or membrane bound organelles
gene
unit of info that encodes a genetic characteristic
alleles
inherited directly
determine expression of traits
on chromosomes
genotype
genetic info