Dental waxes

What was the original dental wax?

bees wax

What are waxes made from?

plants, animals, insects, petroleum products

What are dental waxes composition?

c h o

base wax - hydrocarbon

modifier wax - ester and hydrocarbon

colorants

What are the properties of paraffin wax?

1- main component

2- determines the melting point

3- is not glossy

4- flakes while trimming

What are the properties of Carnauba and Candelilla wax?

1- increase melting range

2- increases glossiness

What are the properties of ceresin, gum resin and bees wax?

modifies toughness, carving and working characteristics

How large is the solid liquid range?

40 degrees

What is flow?

change in shape due to applied force

When is flow beneficial?

processing wax

What is the COTE of pattern waxes?

300 × 10 ^-6

What causes stress?

stress is due to manipulation causing particles to be in uncomfortable positions

How is residual stress released?

1- increase in temperature

2- long storage time

How to prevent residual stress?

1- carving with a warm instrument (37 degrees)

2- do not burnish below melting range

3- should not be added in small increments to prevent rapid cooling

How to prevent the release of residual stress?

1- no changes in temperature

2- do not store at a high temperature

3- time between finishing and investing small ( 30 minutes)

What are the different types of pattern waxes?

inlay, casting, baseplate

What are the different types of processing waxes?

boxing, beading, utility, sticky

What are the different types of impression waxes?

bite registration, corrective

What are the properties of inlay waxes?

1- 5-6 different waxes

2- good thermal stability at low temperatures

3- good adaption onto dies

what is type 1 inlay wax?

1- directly in mouth

2- 70-90% flow at 45 degrees

3- 1% flow at 37 degrees

What is type 2 inlay wax?

1- on a die

2- 1% flow at 30 degrees

What are the properties of casting wax?

1- metal framework of partial dentures

2- sheets or performed shapes

3- slight tackiness to adhere onto gypsum

What are the properties of baseplate wax?

1- pink sheets to mimic gingiva

2- layered to form the occlusal rims of complete dentures

3- composition of ceresin, carnauba, beeswax and other synthetic waxes

What are the different types of baseplate waxes?

type 1 soft, type 2 medium, type 3 hard

What is type 1 baseplate wax used for?

building contours, 90% at 37 degrees

What is type 2 baseplate wax used for?

make patterns in the mouth, used in mild temperatures, 50-90% flow at 45 degrees

What is type 3 baseplate wax used for?

make patters, hot conditions, 5-50% flow at 45 degrees, similar to inlay wax.

What are processing waxes made of?

beeswax, paraffin and other soft waxes

What are the properties of boxing wax?

1- used as the base portion

2- wrapped around the impression to produce a form

3- slightly tacky at room temperature

What are the properties of utility and beading wax?

1- used with boxing wax

2- protect gums and soft tissue

3- comes in many colours

4- also called periphery wax

What are the properties of sticky wax?

1- temporarily join two components together

2- comes in yellow or orange sticks

3- softens over a flame

What are the properties of impression waxes?

1- 100% flowable at 37.5 degrees

2- high flow and distortion if removed from undercuts

3- replaced by elastomeric impression materials

What are the properties of bite registration wax?

1- flow of 2.5-22%

2- articulate certain models of opposing arches

3- susceptible to distortion after removal

4- replaced by addition silicones and polyether materials

What is the lost wax technique?

1- wax pattern is made on a die

2- sprue, sprue base and casting ring are added

3- invested with gypsum

4- removal of sprue holder base

5- invested pattern and sprue and heated to remove the wax