Unit 3 Chemistry

ion

a charged atom or molecule

cations

positively charged ions

anions

negatively charged ions

polyatomic ions

groups of two or more atoms covalently bonded together that act as a single unit with an overall net charge

monatomic ion

a single atom that has gained or lost electrons resulting in a net positive or negative charge

acid

chemical that can donate a proton (hydrogen ion) or accept an electron pair

octet rule

a chemical principle stating that main group atoms tend to bond in a way that each atom has 8 electrons in its valence shell which mimic the stable electron configuration of a noble gas

ionic compound

they are formed when there is one atom that has loose electrons and one atom that can take electrons

salt/crystal

formed by the ionic bonding of positively charged metal ions and negatively charged non metal ions

molecule

a group of two or more atoms bonded together that act as a single unit

molecular compound

a compound made up of molecules formed by covalent bonds (atoms sharing electrons)

electrostatic force

the force of attraction or repulsion between charged particles

conductivity

the ability of a substance to allow electricity or heat to flow through it

covalent bonding

a type of chemical bond where two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

ionic bond

a bond formed when one atom transfers electrons to another and create positive and negative ions that attract each other

hydrocarbon

a compound amde only of hydrogen and carbon atoms

formula

a way to represent a compound using smbols and mumbers to show which elements and how many atoms are present

metallic bond

a bond found in metals where atoms share a sea of electrons that move freely giving metals conductivity and flexibility

formula unit

the simplest ratio of ions in an ionic compound

empirical formula

the simplest whole number ratio of elements in a compound

electrolyte

a substance that produces ions when disspolved in water allowing the solution to conduct electricity

coulumb’s law

a law describing the force between two charged particles

the force increases with charge size and decreases with distance