types and intensities of icing

The four types of icing are:

Clear ice, rime ice, hoar frost, and mixed ice

Ice on wings and control surfaces alters the aerodynamic properties of the aircraft frame. This results in loss of ____, increased ____, reduced _____ and altered controllability.

lift, drag, visibility

Generally, high-performance aircraft collect more ice than low-performance aircraft because they have ______.

thin wing profiles

Factors that affect where and how much an ice aircraft will pick up:

• Speed of the aircraft

• Shape of the airfoil

• Type of cloud encountered

• Type of ice encountered

• Length of time in the icing conditions

Which type of icing is a grey-ish white, feathery, crystalline formation that can cover the entire aircraft surface?

Hoar frost

Which type of icing is the same that appears on cars?

Hoar frost

Clear ice is clear, glassy, hard ice that forms on _____ and spreads back over the wing surfaces when the air temperature is between _____.

leading edges, 0°C and -10°C

Clear ice is found in _____ and _____ in clouds.

freezing precipitation, in supercooled rain

Clear ice is ____ and more _____ than rime ice; hence more dangerous.

denser, homogenous

Clear ice can change ______, leading to a ____ in lift.

the shape of the wing, loss

Clear ice can increase the ____, resulting in a higher ____.

weight, stall speed

Clear ice is easy to remove.

False

Rime ice forms on the leading edges and spreads back over the wing surfaces

False

Rime ice is an opaque, whitish, granular type of ice that forms when air temperature is between ____; like freezer ice.

-15°C and -20°C

Rime ice accumulates much _____ than clear ice.

more slowly

Rime ice is primarily ______ and therefore can only be encountered while flying _____.

supercooled cloud droplets, in clouds

Mixed ice is a mixture of ____ and ____.

clear ice, rime ice

Mixed ice is most likely to form in temperatures between ____.`

-10°C and -15°C

Mixed ice is ____ than clear ice but ____ than rime ice.

weaker, stronger

What are the 4 types of icing intensities?

trace, light, moderate, severe

Trace icing is when the accumulation rate is _____ on the outer wing, and is _____ for aircraft.

less than ¼ inch per hour, not a problem

Light icing is when the accumulation rate is ______, and the pilot should ______ to minimize ice accretion on airframe.

¼ to 1 inch per hour, occasionally cycle manual de-icing systems

Moderate icing is when the accumulation rate is ______, and the pilot should exit the icing _____.

1 to 3 inches per hour, ASAP

Severe icing is when the accumulation rate is ____, and occurs when the rate of accumulation is ______ by anti-icing and de-icing systems.

more than 3 inches per hour, not reduced or controlled

With severe icing, ice accumulates in locations not normally prone to icing

True

The pilot should exit icing as soon as possible, no matter the intensity

False

Of the 4 types of icing, which one is the least hazardous to aircraft?

Hoar frost

In _____ icing, pilots should consider exiting the icing. In ____ icing, pilots should exit as soon as possible, with possible diversion.

trace and light, moderate

What is the term for the grey-ish white, feathery, crystalline formation that can cover the entire surface of an aircraft?

Hoar frost