Socials 10 - Final Exam Study Guide

What is conscription?

Compulsory military service introduced in 1917 due to troop shortages in Canada.

What was the outcome of conscription in Canada?

Caused major division, especially between English and French Canadians, leading to the Conscription Crisis of 1917.

When was poison gas first used?

In World War I.

What were the effects of poison gas?

Caused blindness, burns, and death.

What significant battle took place at Vimy Ridge?

The first time Canadian units fought together as one, symbolizing Canada's independence.

What was the significance of the Battle of Ypres?

It was the first trench warfare experience for Canadian troops.

What was the outcome of the Battle of Passchendaele?

Canadian success despite deep mud and heavy casualties, earning international respect.

What caused the Halifax explosion?

A French munitions ship carrying 3,000 tonnes of explosives collided with another vessel.

Who were the suffragettes?

Women who wanted the right to vote due to their contributions to the war effort.

What did the Wartime Elections Act do?

Granted the federal vote to the mothers, sisters, and wives of soldiers in the Armed Forces in 1917.

Who was the Prime Minister of Canada during WWI?

Sir Robert Borden.

What was the Union Government?

A coalition government under Robert Borden consisting of conservatives and some English-speaking Liberals.

What did the Military Service Act (1917) do?

Made conscription compulsory for all males between the ages of 20 and 35.

Who assassinated Franz Ferdinand?

Gavrilo Princip, a member of a Serbian nationalist group.

What were the members of the Triple Alliance?

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy.

What were the members of the Triple Entente?

Britain, France, Russia.

What did the War Measures Act (1917) entail?

Restrictions placed on Enemy Aliens, including arrest and internment.

How did the Canadian Government raise money for the war?

Through Victory Bonds, higher taxes, and the introduction of income tax.

Why did Canada join WWI?

As part of the British Empire, Canada was automatically involved.

What was Canada's status at the end of WWI?

Signed the Treaty of Versailles separately and gained international recognition.

What did the Treaty of Versailles accomplish?

Officially ended World War I and created new countries like Poland and Czechoslovakia.

Why did the League of Nations fail?

It lacked military power and the United States did not join.

What was the purpose of rationing during the war?

To conserve food and supplies for those fighting overseas.

Who was the first Canadian Commander of the CEF?

Arthur Currie

What are the characteristics of Fascism?

Dictatorship and extreme nationalism.

What are the characteristics of Communism?

No private property and a classless society.

What are the characteristics of Socialism?

Government controls key industries.

What are the characteristics of Liberalism?

Individual freedoms and democracy.

What are the characteristics of Conservatism?

Tradition and gradual change.

What is the process for a bill becoming law?

Introduced by a member, goes through three readings, and requires Royal Assent.

What does 'Cabinet solidarity' mean?

All government ministers must publicly support every government decision.

What is the purpose of the Canadian Constitution?

Defines government powers and citizens' rights.

What determines the size of a riding?

Population.

Who can't introduce a bill in the House of Commons?

The Governor General.

What is Royal Assent?

The Governor General's approval of a bill.

What does MP stand for?

Member of Parliament.

What is a vote of non-confidence?

A formal vote indicating that members no longer support a leader or government.

What is a Minority Government?

The party that wins the most seats without a majority.

What is a Majority Government?

One party wins more than half of the seats in parliament.

What is a Coalition Government?

When two or more opposition parties combine to form more seats than the elected government.

What type of monarchy does Canada have?

Constitutional Monarchy.

What is the function of the Cabinet?

Makes key government decisions.

What is lobbying?

Influencing government decisions.

What was the Munich Agreement?

A 1938 conference where Britain and France tried to appease Hitler.

When did Nazi Germany invade Poland?

September 1, 1939.

What was the significance of Pearl Harbor?

Japan's surprise attack led to the US declaring war on Japan.

What was the Final Solution?

The mass murder of Jews in Nazi-occupied Europe.

What does Holocaust mean?

Comes from Greek words meaning whole burnt, referring to Hitler's attempt to exterminate Jews.

What were the fundamental causes of the Second World War?

Treaty of Versailles, Great Depression, Rise of Hitler/Nazi Party, Failure of League of Nations, Extreme nationalism, Unwillingness of democracies to intervene.

What were the immediate causes of the Second World War during the Appeasement Crisis (1936-1939)?

Re-militarization of Rhineland, Annexation of Austria, Appeasement in Czechoslovakia.

What was the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact?

An agreement between the Nazis and the Soviets to not fight each other if either one went to war, and to divide Poland between them.

What happened during the Dieppe raid?

On August 19, 1942, 5,000 Canadian soldiers landed at Dieppe, France, resulting in 900 deaths, 1,000 wounded, and 1,900 taken prisoner.

What were U-boats?

German submarines.

What were the names of the atomic bombs dropped on Japan in 1945?

'Little Boy' and 'Fat Man'.

What was the impact of 'Little Boy' and 'Fat Man'?

'Little Boy' killed 78,000 immediately in Hiroshima, and 'Fat Man' killed over 35,000 in Nagasaki, totaling ~170,000 deaths.

What issues did Canadian women face while working men's jobs during WW2?

Women were paid less than men, expected to give up jobs for returning soldiers, and received little recognition.

What is anti-Semitism?

The dislike or hate of Jewish people.

What was one effect of WW2 in Canada?

Economic boom and baby boom.

What was the Marshall Plan?

Billions of dollars in aid to war-torn EU economies to help resist communism.

What is the policy of containment?

The policy of containing or halting the spread of communism by providing economic aid and military support.

What is nuclear parity?

A balance of power where both sides have the same level of nuclear weapons.

How many Canadians served in the Korean War?

Over 26,500 Canadians served.

What factors led Canada to relax immigration barriers in the 1950s?

High demand for immigrant labor, arrival of thousands of Europeans, War Brides, and escaping Soviet expansion.

What is the main objective of a UN peacekeeping force when deployed?

To maintain peace and prevent conflict.

What happened to Berlin during the Cold War?

The Berlin Wall fell in 1969.

What type of power did Canada become known as after WWII?

Middle power.

Who was Pierre Trudeau?

Liberal PM from 1968-1978 known for the vision of a 'just society' and the Official Languages Act.

What is the Charter of Rights?

A part of the Constitution Act, 1982, associated with Pierre Trudeau.

What was the Avro Arrow?

A supersonic long-range jet, the fastest and most sophisticated plane in the world.

What was the St. Lawrence Seaway?

A trade route that linked the center of the continent with eastern trade.

What was the National Energy Program?

A federal energy policy in the 1980s aimed at self-sufficiency and increased Canadian ownership in the oil sector.

What was the impact of the National Energy Program?

It set prices for oil and gas below world market levels and imposed new taxes on oil production.

What events helped Canada become an independent nation from 1914 to 1940?

Military contributions in WWI, the Statute of Westminster, and independent decisions in foreign affairs.

What was the significance of the Statute of Westminster?

It gave Canada complete authority to pass its own laws without requiring British approval.

How did Canada demonstrate independence in foreign affairs during WWII?

Canada debated and made its own declaration of war rather than automatically following Britain.