ANTH/LING Final Menti Questions & Short Answer Questions From Class

49 is the start of the short answer questions. Before 49 are the menti questions. After 65 are the in class review session questions.

According to Hill, what is NOT a part of the project of white racism?
a. Produce a taxonomy of races
b. Assign individuals to races
c. Create a hierarchy of races
d. Link race to gender

d. link race to gender

(T/F) Whiteness Studies is interested in the heritage of white people.

False

Whiteness studies sees whiteness as…

1. Privileged

2. Normative

3. Exclusive

4. Property

(T/F) Hill states to study racism you need to study the covert act of racism in everyday behavior.

True

Bucholtz: Nerds are interesting as they represent…

A hyper standard version of speech

Hill: Mock Spanish used by white people and mixed Spanish used by Puerto Ricans
a. Are the same thing
b. Are different because Mock Spanish is unmarked
c. Are different because one is overtly racist
d. Are only different in who uses them

b. Are different because Mock Spanish is unmarked

Mock Spanish as an indirect index of…

Stereotypes about Spanish speakers

What are the reasons we read research about things in the past?

1. They give us theory that we can use in the present

2. We learn about a history that is still relevant

3. They can teach us useful methods of study

4. So we can compare newer phenomena to past ones

Unmarked forms are…

Treated as the default

What is an example of a marked manner of speech for most English teachers?
a. Using “correct” grammar
b. Saying “You” for 2nd person plural
c. Using a double negative
d. Speaking Standard American English

c. Using a double negative

(T/F) Language and Race are “co-naturalized” because our ideologies involving language and race support each other and index each other.

True

According to Rosa, Latinidad is:
a. Not a real thing

b. Objectively defined
c. A product of enregisterment
d. Outside the scope of linguistics

c. A product of enregisterment

What were the two types of Latinx indentity that Principle Baez didn’t want her students to be associated with?

Gangbangers and Hoes

(T/F) The main point of Rosa’s book is to disavow stereotypes about Latinx youth.

False

Which of the following are not an example of Goffman’s term “covering”?
a. A lower class person pretending to come from money at school

b. A Black person not using slang terms associated with AAE

c. A gay man talking about his “partner” instead of his “husband”

d. A woman using “locker room talk” in a predominantly male workplace

a. A lower class person pretending to come from money at school

Dr. Baes in Rosa’s book tries to solve the double bind of Latinx student being expected to both succeed and fail by…

Trying to mold student into the figure of a young professional

(T/F) Mediatization always involves mediation.

True

Mediatization…

is the commodification of mass mediated communication

According to Shankar 90’s Bollywood appealed to Desi teens in the US because…

It featured relatable stories more than Hollywood

(T/F) According to Shankar, diaspora communities are cut off from politics, industry, and culture in their country of origin.

False

(T/F) Digital refers to the use of data signals expressed in binary 1’s and 0’s.

True

What of the following is an affect of digitization of communication?

a, Proliferation of informal writing norms

b. The greater transferability of information

c. A reduction of linguistic diversity

d. All of the above

e. A and B

e. A and B

Which of the following best describes how people use emojis?

a. They are replacements for words

b. They are like “modern” hieroglyphics

c. They are written gestures

d. They are used in combination with each other to tell stories

c. They are written gestures

(T/F) Language on the internet is less physical than spoken language.

False

What are the two uses of hashtags according to Bonilla and Rosa?

1. Providing an interpretive frame

2. Cataloging tweets

(T/F) According to Bonilla and Rosa the fact that our experiences of social media are filtered through algorithms means we can not do research on them.

False

What is NOT an example of how Twitter creates a sense of shared temporality?

a. People can see news from multiple sources at one time

b. Tweets give people updates in real time

c. Tweets are only relevant for a short time

d. You can see people respond to news instead of just watching it

c. Tweets are only relevant for a short time

According to Bonilla and Rosa, what is the purpose of hashtags like #HoodiesUp, #BlackLivesMatter, and #IfTheyGunMeDown?

a. Creating visible narratives of Black Suffering

b. Creating counter narrative to media representations of Black victims

c. Organizing in person activism

d. Making people feel better

b. Creating counter narratives to media representations of Black victims

(T/F) There are multiple versions of masculinity, so when we talk about toxic masculinity we are talking about one type among many.

True

Which of the following is a critique of (not one but all) Deficit, Dominance, and Difference models of language and gender?

a. These models take a binary and singular approach to gender

b. There is no concept of power difference in these models

c. These models don’t account for the fact that men might not have power

d. These models aren’t focused on the speech of women

a. These models take a binary and singular approach to gender

Creaky Voice is associated with Kim K and Women, but what identities did it use to be associated with?

Men and Authority

According to Cameron, the voice of customer service workers in international call centers is…
a. Based off the way women speak

b. Based off masculine forms of speech

c. Based off circulating ideas of style associated with women

d. Not gendered, but based off of white speech forms

c. Based off circulating ideas of style associated with women

(T/F) According to Goffman Participant structures involve hearers and speakers exchanging ideas.

False

I read a students quote from the university’s code of conduct. Who is the principle?

The University

Adressees are a special kind of hearer because…

They are socially ratified

David Tennet played Hamlet for the Royal Shakespear Company, David was the ______ of the lines “to be or not to be”.

Animator

The belief that words represent thoughts is the belief of what philosopher?

John Locke

(T/F) The point of Lempert and Silverstein’s chapter on political speech can be described as “The Message” is not a message.

True

One candidate switching from addressing the American people to addressing their opponent on a debate stage is an example of…

a. Changing Addressee

b. Chaining Participant Framework

c. Shifting Footing

d. All of the above

d. All of the above

What is the best way to describe political language according to Lempert and Silverstein’s chapter of Political Messaging?

Indexical

(T/F) Kosse’s analysis of the word “cuck” suggests that words and grammar aren’t political.

False

What is evidence of the importance of syntactic categories in the political structuring of the use of the word “cuck” by the alt-right?

a. The word cuck is intransitive which makes the subject the agent

b. cuck is associated with neo-nazis

c. people can use word differently

d. the word is always used in the past tense

a. The word cuck is intransitive which makes the subject the agent

(T/F) According to Kosse, the word “cuck” references cuckold pornography and the belief that “weak men” are letting the white race be replaced.

True

The Agent and Patient are examples of…

Semantic Roles

When Cook says “advertising is everywhere but nowhere” he means…

Ads are in a lot of places but we often don’t think of them.

A discourse analysis of advertising…

a. Studies advertisements as text and context

b. allows us to understand the cultural significance of ads

c. Considers universal meanings derived from language

d. all of the above

e. A and B

e. A and B

(T/F) We know something is an ad because of its relation to other texts

True

A perfume ad showing a wealthy celebrity in their penthouse apartment is saying what about that perfume?

Associating it with a lifestyle formulation of upperclass extravagance

What is Mock Spanish and why is it an example of racism (Hill) ?

Mock Spanish is the use of bastardized Spanish phrases in English. It is often used in less serious, negative, or derogatory situations. It is an example of racism and white people using mock Spanish is unmarked but Latinx use of intermixed Spanish and English is marked and seen negatively.

Name a direct and an indirect index of Mock Spanish.

Direct: Spanish exposure, humor
Indirect: Negative things, covert racialization, Spanish identities, lazy Mexicans

Why is whiteness unmarked and what does it mean to be unmarked?

To be unmarked is to be the default, something defined by opposition. Whiteness is unmarked as it is linguistically positioned as the default and is defined by its differences from minority groups speech.

What is an example of marked whiteness?

Nerds, marked with a hyper-standard version of speech. Nerds do not use slang or informal speech (do not pick up taken AAE slang)

What is racialization? How does the way white neighbors talk about their Asian neighbors in Lo’s Article show that the Asian neighbors are being racialized?

Racialization is the process of assigning people to a race and traits associated with that race. The way white neighbors talk about their Asian neighbors positions the Asian neighbors as others, newcomers, and less community orientated. This separation and trait assignment based on race is racialization.

What is a folk definition and how is this different from the folk definition of stereotype?

Folk definition is the general public definition, what is commonly used, NOT academia. In terms of stereotypes the folk definition positions them as fully negative and judgemental, which while part of the academic definition, it is not the full definition. Stereotypes define what “objects” belong in which “categories” and are more complex than the folk definition.

What is diaspora and what are three ways people who have gone through diaspora engage in media from their home countries?

Diaspora is the widespread dispersion of a people from their homelands. NRI (non-resident Indians) still interact with their homeland in political parties, consuming news, movies (Bollywood), and music.

What does it mean for a hashtag to be a frame, and what are two ways digital protesters used hashtags in Black Lives Matter protests?

A hashtag is an interpretive frame in that it sorts information and provides a select view or frame of events / perspectives. BLM protests used hashtags for political slogans, protest chants, organizing people/the world.

What is a chronotope? How is it used by white allies on the internet? Give one example.

A chronotope is an intrinsic connection of time and space relations expressed in literature. White allies use chronotopes to build up a stereotype of white virtue, placing themselves in a different time of being good & supportive now.

What is a speech act? How do you know something is an explicit speech act or an implicit speech act?

A speech act is a statement that does something, causes a change in the state of the world. Explicit speech acts directly states the change being made while implicit implies (the last person who crossed me ended up in a shallow grave).

Explain with an example how speech acts are not true or false but felicitous or infelicitous.

If someone states “you are now married” that is not a true or false statement, it is felicitous (matches the conditions to be meaningful and change the state of the world) or infelicitous (does not match the conditions to actually mean something).

What is gender performance?

Gender performance is the speech and behavior done to uphold the social norms and structures of the gender.

THIS WILL BE ON THE EXAM. What is footing according to Goffman, and how does it relate to participant framework and production format? Give an example from political speech. 

Footing - Indicating a shift in position through communication (body language/tone)

Footing is done through a participant and production format
The Bernie Sanders footing shift from looking into the camera presidential debate speech to would you just shut the fuck up man

How does the word “cuck” used by alt right people on the internet relate to the term cuckhold used in porn and the idea of white genocide?

Cuckhold from porn is a white man watching his wife with a black man tying into the humiliated, weak, desperate male (failing to stand up for self) and white genocide with a black man being placed over a white man.

What is a lifestyle formation and how do you use discourse analysis to identity them?

A lifestyle formation is the idea of a lifestyle and the things connected to it. There can be identified through identifying what images, people, products, and grouped are commonly linked in speech and media. This is often obvious through car and perfume commercials where a lifestyle is being sold with the product connected to it.

According to Bonilla and Rosa, what is the purpose of hashtags like #HoodiesUp #IfTheyGunMeDown #BlackLivesMatter?

Creating counter narratives to media representations of Black victims

According to Delfino, what two chronotopes are involved in the construction of white allyship and wokeness on Facebook in the Facebook group she studied?

Virtue as the future and Racism as the past

Mock Spanish is an indirect index of…

a. White unmarkedness

b. Excitement about spanish

c. Stereotypes about Spanish speakers

d. Humor

c. Stereotypes about Spanish speakers

(T/F) Language and Race are “co-naturalized” because our ideologies involving language and race support and index each other

True

Unmarked forms are…

treated as the default

Dr. Baez in Rosa’s book tries to solve the double bind of Latinx students being expected to both succeed and fail by…

a. refusing to engage negative stereotypes

b. letting students dress how they want

c. making the medium of classrooms biligual

d. trying to mold students into the figure of a young professional

d. trying to mold students into the figure of a young professional

In Lo’s article, why was it significant that the presence of Chinese on grocery store signs made the white neighbors feel excluded?

a. they ignored the english on the signs

b. the prescence of chinese marked the space as Asian and not white

c. there was no way for the White neighbors to understand the signs

d. a and b

c. a and c

d. a and b

Which is an example of the “language bubble ideology”?

a. Thinking that people choose to live in areas where English is not spoken

b.The census category of linguistic isolation

c. thinking that people who speak two languages are languageless

d. All of the above

e. A and B

e. A and B

(T/F) Teachers complaining about principle Baez’s English and Spanish in Rosa Chapter 4 were participating in an ideology of languagelessness.

True

In the statement “All Asians own Chinese Restaurants” which part of the statement is the typicality device?

All

(T/F) Kosse’s analysis of the word “cuck” suggests that words and grammar aren’t political.

False

What is the basic premise of gender performance by Judith Butler?

a. We are constantly creating and recreating gender through our actions

b. Gender is performative so it doesn’t really matter

c. Gender is only what we want it to be

d. Gender is bad

a. We are constantly creating and recreating gender through our actions.

Which of the following is an explicit speech act?

a. Shut the door, it’s cold in here.

b. Let’s go to the mall.

c. Trees are green.

d. I promise to take the garbage out next week.

d. I promise to take the garbage out next week.

(T/F) According to Austin, Performative Speech acts can be true or false.

False