APHUG Unit 2: Population and Migration Patterns and Processes

Demography -

The study of population characteristics.

Ecumene -

The inhabited parts of Earth.

Population Distribution -

The locations where people live.

Population Density -

The number of people per unit of land.

Arithmetic Density -

Total people divided by total land area.

Physiological Density -

People per unit of arable land.

Carrying Capacity -

The maximum population an area can support.

Doubling Time -

Time for a population to double.

Natural Increase Rate (NIR) -

Births minus deaths in a population.

Overpopulation -

Too many people for available resources.

Life Expectancy -

Average years a person is expected to live.

Zero Population Growth (ZPG) -

When births equal deaths.

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) -

Infant deaths per 1,000 live births.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) -

Average number of children per woman.

Census -

An official population count.

Birth Rate -

Live births per 1,000 people per year.

Death Rate -

Deaths per 1,000 people per year.

Population Explosion -

Rapid population growth.

Population Pyramid -

A graph showing age and sex distribution.

Dependency Ratio -

Non-working vs. working-age population.

Sex Ratio -

The ratio of males to females.

Demographic Momentum -

Population growth continues despite lower birth rates.

Demographic Transition Model (DTM) -

Stages of population change due to development.

Epidemiology -

The study of disease patterns.

Epidemiologic Transition -

Disease patterns change with population shifts.

Endemic -

A disease regularly present in an area.

Epidemic -

A widespread disease outbreak.

Pandemic -

A global disease outbreak.

Medical Revolution -

Medical advancements reducing death rates.

Mobility -

Movement from one place to another.

Migration -

Permanent relocation to a new place.

Step Migration -

Moving in stages (farm → village → city).

Chain Migration -

Migration to follow relatives or community.

Voluntary Migration -

Moving by choice for better opportunities.

Forced Migration -

Being compelled to move (war, persecution).

International Migration -

Moving across country borders.

Internal Migration -

Moving within a country.

Interregional Migration -

Moving from one region to another.

Net Migration -

Difference between immigrants and emigrants.

Nomadism -

Seasonal movement of people and animals.

Refugees -

People fleeing war or persecution.

Push Factors -

Reasons to leave an area (war, poverty).

Pull Factors -

Reasons to move to an area (jobs, safety).

Quotas -

Limits on the number of immigrants.

Intervening Opportunity -

A closer migration destination that is better.

Intervening Obstacle -

A barrier that hinders migration.

Illegal Immigrants -

People entering a country without authorization.

Immigration -

Moving into a new country.

Emigration -

Leaving a country.

Guest Workers -

Temporary foreign workers.

Asylum -

Protection for political refugees.

Brain Drain -

Skilled workers leaving for better opportunities.

Restrictive Policies -

Government limits on population growth.

Expansive Policies -

Policies encouraging higher birth rates.

Eugenic Policies -

Favoring a specific racial or ethnic group.

Agricultural Density -

Farmers per unit of arable land.

AIDS -

A disease weakening the immune system.

Baby Boom -

A period of high birth rates.

Baby Bust -

A period of low birth rates.

Chronic Diseases -

Long-term diseases common in developed countries.

Crude Birth Rate (CBR) -

Births per 1,000 people.

Crude Death Rate (CDR) -

Deaths per 1,000 people.

Developed Country (MDC) -

A modern, industrialized country.

Developing Country (LDC) -

A country with a growing economy.

Dot Map -

A map showing population distribution with dots.

Green Revolution -

Advances increasing food production.

Industrial Revolution -

A period of rapid industrial growth.

Malthus -

Predicted population would outgrow food supply.

Neo-Malthusians -

Believe resource scarcity will cause conflicts.

Population Composition -

Structure of a population (age, sex, etc.).

Stationary Population Level -

When a population stops growing.