19th Century Philippines (Rizal's Life and Works)
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Economy, Politics, Society
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23 Terms
Main trade before 19th century?
Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade
Year Mexico gained independence (affecting trade)?
1821
Year Suez Canal opened?
1869
Effect of Suez Canal?
Faster travel, exposure to European liberal ideas
Examples of cash crops introduced?
Tobacco, sugarcane, cacao, coffee, abaca
Who benefited from cash crop economy?
Spaniards & Chinese mestizos
Who suffered in cash crop economy?
Indios (Filipino peasants)
Who are inquilinos?
Tenant farmers leasing land from friars/landowners
“Social Situations”
New rising class in 19th century?
Mestizos (often Chinese-Filipino)
Who remained exploited?
Indios (common Filipinos)
Who were the principalia?
Local elites serving as intermediaries with Spaniards
Top of social pyramid?
Peninsulares & Insulares (Spaniards)
“Political Situation”
Who was liberal governor-general in 1869?
Carlos Maria de la Torre
Who replaced him with harsher rule?
Rafael Izquierdo (1871)
Repressive event in 1872?
Cavite Mutiny
Leaders executed after Cavite Mutiny?
GomBurZa (Gómez, Burgos, Zamora)
Execution date of GomBurZa?
February 17, 1872
“Propaganda Movement”
Who led the Propaganda Movement?
Ilustrados (educated Filipinos abroad)
Main goals of Propaganda Movement?
Representation in Cortes, secularization, equality, public schools, abolition of forced labor
Outcome of Propaganda Movement?
Inspired nationalism, but repressed by Spain
Note 
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