Epidimiology & triad

what’s the epidemiology triad? (name the parts and explain each one)

1. agent: factor that causes disease (ex: bacteria)

2. host: the person who can develop the disease (susceptible host)

3. environment: factors that influence the diseases development like socioeconomic status or diet.

give an example of an agent, host, and environment.

agent: carcinogenic bacteria, sugar

host: susceptible teeth, poor salivary flow and deep fissures.

environment: sugary diet & minimal flouride use

What’s an outbreak + give an example

localized epidemic, affects small areas

ex: food poisoning between students at a uni accom

define endemic + give an example

constantly present in one population or area

ex: malaria in africa or a common cold in the UK

define what an epidemic is and give an example

sudden increase in number of cases of a disease

ex: more people than usual are catching malaria in africa.

define a pandemic and give an example

an epidemic that spreads across multiple countries affecting a lot of people

ex: covid-19

what is it called when a virus is constantly present in one region?

endemic

which section of this is a reservoir for disease?

1. sterile environment

2. contaminated water

3. patient injury (wound)

contaminated water

an infected patients saliva contaminated dental chair, which part of the infection chain is the saliva?

portal of exit

dental nurse touched contaminated gloves then touches clean instrument without washing her hands. what part of the chain is being demonstrated?

mode of transmission.

what are the parts of the chain of infection + example (6 parts)

1. infectious agent (hep B Virus)

2. reservoir (infected patient carries Hep B)

3. portal of exit (patients blood or saliva spits out)

4. mode of transmission (sharps injury)

5. portal of entry (break in dentists skin from sharps injury)

6. susceptible host (unvaccinated dental student)