Topic 14- BIO 152 (Exam 3)

what would happen if protons could go through the membrane?

• across the membrane would become more equal

• ATP production would drop or stop

steps of respiration:

• ventilation

• gas exchange

• circulation

• cellular respiration

pressure:

• the force applied to a substance over a specific area

partial pressure: 

• pressure contribution of one gas in a mixture 

what is the equation for partial pressure?

partial pressure (percent) * total pressure = partial pressure (mmHg)

what is standard pressure?

• 760 mm Hg 

• 101 kPA 

what percent of the atmosphere is CO2, O2, and N2?

• 21% O2

• 0.03% CO2

• 78% N2

large surface area per volume =

• increased diffusion opportunity

thin body =

• small diffusion distance 

what four factors does fick’s law state the rate of diffusion is dependent on?

• surface area 

• distance of diffusion (thickness of membrane) 

• partial pressure gradient 

• chemical nature (least important) 

what is fick’s 2nd law of diffusion?

• t= x²/2D

• the larger the distance of diffusion, the higher the diffusion time 

what do small animals rely on?

• diffusion only

what do large animals rely on?

• combination of bulk flow and diffusion

bulk flow: 

• lots of molecules, a mixture flow due to pressure gradient, diffusion is only single molecule