lecture 12 - nutritive value of feeds - fats

are FAs macronutients or micronutrients

macronutrients

FAs are found in what form in feed

fats

what are the functions of FAs

structural, energy, regulatory

define lipids

broad category of organic molcs that are generally non-polar and dissolve in non-polar solvents like ether or chloroform

what can dissolve lipids

non-polar solvents like ether or chloroform

lipids are polar or non-polar

non-polar

define fats

a type of lipid, specifically triglycerides

define oils

fats that are liquid at room temp

fats are the primary storage form of

energy

fats yield...

~2.25x more energy than carbs and proteins

what serves as an animals energy savings account

fats

Describe simple lipids

made up of glycerides and waxes

these are what we care about when formulating diets

Describe compound lipids

functional lipids for metabolic processes

what are some metabolic processes that compound lipids are used for

lipid transport, parts of cell mems

what are compound lipids category made up of

phospholipids and glycolipids

FAs are used to make

compound lipids

Describe derived lipids

not directly made from FAs

cyclic

what makes up the derived lipid category

steroids, sterols, and carotenoids

are derived lipids made directly from FAs

no

what are the components of a glyceride

glycerol backbone and 1,2, or 3 FAs

what is the predominant form of lipids in feed and in the body

triglycerides

FAs consist of a ...

hydrophilic carboxyl group and a hydrophobic methyl group at opposite ends of a hydrocarbon backone

how can FAs differ

in chain length and structure of bonds

what is a saturated FA

no double bonds

what is an unsaturated FA

has 1 or more double bonds

monounsaturated FA (MUFA) means

carbon chain have 1 double bond

polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) means

carbon chains have 2 or more double bonds

what determines physical props and nutritional quality of fats

FA composition and structure

predominance of saturated fats in a triglyceride results in

fat that tends to solidify at room temp

predominance of unsaturated fats in a triglyceride results in

fat that tends to liquefy at room temp

what is an example of a fat that has a predominance of saturated fats

tallow, or fat on a cut of meat

what is an example of a fat that has a predominance of unsaturated fats

soy oil

what are the VFAs (short chain volatiles FAs)

acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid

how many C does acetic acid have and how many double bonds

2 C, 0 double bonds

how many C does propionic acid have and how many double bonds

3 C, 0 double bonds

how many C does butyric acid have and how many double bonds

4 C, 0 double bonds

what makes up the long chain FAs

palmitic acid

stearic acid

oleic acid

linoleic acid

linolenic acid

arachidonic acid

to be a long chain FA, how many Cs must it have

> 16 Cs

how many C does pamitic acid have and how many double bonds

16 C, 0 double bonds

how many C does stearic acid have and how many double bonds

18 C, 0 double bonds

how many C does oleic acid have and how many double bonds

18 C, 1 double bond

how many C does linoleic acid have and how many double bonds

18 C, 2 double bonds

how many C does linolenic acid have and how many double bonds

18 C, 3 double bonds

how many C does arachidonic acid have and how many double bonds

20 C, 4 double bonds

which has more double bonds, linoleic or linolenic acid

linolenic, name is longer

are linoleic or linolenic acid essential or non-essential

essential

what FA is essential in cats

arachidonic acid

fats in feed are important for

energy

providing essential FAs

carrying fat soluble vitamins

dust control

palatability

value added products

anti-inflammatory props

how does fat provide energy

yields acetyl-CoA via β-oxidation → TCA cycle and oxi phos

what are some fat value added products

omega-3 eggs and DHA-enriched milk