L2 - Anatomical Considerations

Skeletal system

composed of all the bones within the human body

Muscular system

composed of all the muscles in the human body that assist with motion

Nervous system

composed of all the nerve tissues that assist with transmitting electrical signals or impulses throughout the body

Articulations

the intersection of bones (joints)

Movement occurs around a joint

True

Flexion

bending movement that brings two segments together

Extension

straightening movement that separates segments

Hyperflexion

flexion movement going beyond normal range of flexion

Hyperextension

extension movement going beyond normal range of extension

Abduction

segments moving away from midline

Adduction

segments moving closer towards midline

Internal rotation

anterior surface of segment rotating internally/medially

External rotation

anterior surface of segment rotating externally/laterally

Circumduction

the combination of movements including abduction, adduction, flexion, and extension

Elevation (shoulder)

superior movement of scapula (shrug)

Depression (shoulder)

inferior movement of scapula

Scapular depression can be performed from any point

False, can only perform if scapula has some degree of elevation

Protraction (shoulder)

abducted movement of scapula (give self hug)

Retraction (shoulder)

adducted movement of scapula (squeeze together)

Upward rotation (shoulder)

upward movement of scapula

Downward rotation (shoulder)

downward movement of scapula

Anterior tilt (shoulder)

anterior movement of scapula

Posterior tilt (shoulder)

posterior movement of scapula

What are the two major articulations that contribute to elbow movement

• ulnohumeral joint

• proximal radioulnar joint

Which joint does flexion of the elbow occur

ulnohumeral joint

Which joint does extension of the elbow occur

ulnohumeral joint

Which joint does pronation of the elbow occur

proximal radioulnar joint

Which joint does supination of the elbow occur

proximal radioulnar joint

Radial deviation

lateral bending movement between radius and carpals (wrist abduction)

Ulnar deviation

medial bending movement between radius and carpals (wrist adduction)

Anterior tilt (pelvis)

anterior movement of ASIS/iliac crest that causes a greater curvature of the back

Posterior tilt (pelvis)

posterior movement of ASIS/iliac crest

Left lateral tilt (pelvis)

the inferior movement of the left ASIS/iliac crest and superior movement of the right ASIS/iliac crest

Right lateral tilt (pelvis)

the inferior movement of the right ASIS/iliac crest and superior movement of the left ASIS/iliac crest

Left transverse rotation (pelvis)

posterior movement of left ASIS/iliac crest and anterior movement of right ASIS/iliac crest

Right transverse rotation (pelvis)

posterior movement of right ASIS/iliac crest and anterior movement of left ASIS/iliac crest

The knee joint is composed of which joint

tibiofemoral joint

Which joint is responsible for dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

talocrural joint

Supination of foot

combination of plantar flexion, inversion, and adduction

Pronation of foot

combination of dorsiflexion, eversion, and abduction