Ch 20: Circulatory System II

Also know the pathway of blood flow through heart for an essay question on Exam 3!

This layer of pericardium is directly attached to the myocardium.

Visceral

The last chamber that blood fills before leaving the heart for the systemic circulation is the _____.

Left ventricle

Pectinate muscles are found in which cardiac chambers?

Atria

Once closed at or shortly after birth, this fetal remnant structure no longer connects the aortic arch to the left pulmonary artery. It is called ____.

Ligamentum arteriosum

What type of blood do the right and left pulmonary arteries carry?

Oxygen-poor

The right and left coronary arteries branch off of which vessel?

Ascending aorta

What valve separates the left atria from the left ventricle?

Left AV valve

What chamber of the heart typically has the thickest myocardium?

Left ventricle

T/f: The SA node is located in the left atrium.

False

Fill in the blank: Papillary muscles attach to the atrioventricular valves via _______.

Tendinous chords

What circuit does blood flow from R heart to lungs?

Pulmonary

What circuit does blood flow from L heart to organs?

Systemic

Name two places where gas exchange happen happens.

Lungs and organs

What gas gets out of blood and what gas goes into blood in lungs?

CO2 and O2

What is unloaded from blood in organs?

O2

What gas gets out of blood and what gas goes into blood in organs?

O2 and CO2

Where is heart located?

Mediastinum

What is the heart the size of?

Fist

Fill in the blank: The base of the heart is _____.

Superior

What part of the heart points inferiorly to the left?

Apex

How many layers does the pericardium have?

2

What are the two layers of pericardium?

Pericardial sac and epicardium

Which layer of the pericardium is parietal?

Pericardial sac

Which layer of the pericardium is visceral?

Epicardium

Which layer of the pericardium is fibrous with serious layers?

Pericardial sac

What is the term used to describe the space between walls?

Pericardial cavity

What gives the heart room for heart to expand and contract and provide lubrication?

Pericardial cavity

T/f: Pericardial cavity has lubrication.

True

What does wrapping around heart protect against?

Infections

What is the tough outer layer with wispy connective tissue of pericardial sac?

Fibrous

What is the layer that lines pericardial cavity with serious fluid of pericardial sac?

Serous

What are the three layers of the heart wall?

Epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium

What layer of the heart wall has a serous membrane and is stuck to the heart?

Epicardium

What layer of the heart wall is made of cardiac muscle?

Myocardium

What layer of the heart wall lines chambers and is made of simple squamous epithelium?

Endocardium

Which are thick walled and inferior: atria or ventricles?

Ventricles

What are thin walled and superior: atria or ventricles?

Atria

What are separated by interatria septum?

Atria

What are separated by interventricular septum?

Ventricles

What are the receiving chambers of the heart?

Atria

What are the pumping chambers of the heart?

Ventricles

Where are pectinate muscles found?

Atria

What type of muscles are internal ridges of the left and right atria?

Pectinate

What type of muscles are internal ridges of left and right ventricles?

Trabeculae carneae

What are ear-like extensions of left and right atria?

Auricles

Where are trabeculae carneae found?

Ventricles

What are on the surface of interventricular septum?

Anterior and posterior sulci

What valves close when ventricles contract?

AV

What does AV stand for?

Atrioventricular

What is the right AV valve known as?

Tricuspid

What is the left AV valve known as?

Mitral

What tether valves to papillary muscles?

Tendinous chords

What valves close when ventricles relax?

Semilunar

What are two semilunar valves?

Pulmonary and aortic

What valve is at the exit of the right ventricle?

Pulmonary

What valve is at the exit of the left ventricle?

Aortic

Where does blood enter the heart from the organs?

Right atrium

What supplies blood to right atrium?

Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus

Where does blood flow from right atrium to?

Right AV valve

Where does blood flow from right AV valve to?

Right ventricle

What forces pulmonary valve open?

Contraction of right ventricle

Where does blood flow from right ventricle to?

Pulmonary valve

Where does blood flow from pulmonary valve to?

Pulmonary trunk

Where does blood flow from pulmonary trunk to?

Pulmonary arteries

Where do pulmonary arteries bring blood to?

Lungs

What do the lungs unload from the blood?

CO2

What do the lungs load into the blood?

O2

Where do the lungs give blood to?

Pulmonary veins

Where do pulmonary veins bring blood to?

Left atrium

Where does blood flow from left atrium to?

Left AV valve

Where does blood flow from left AV valve to?

Left ventricle

What forces aortic valve to open?

Contraction of left ventricle

Where does blood flow from left ventricle to?

Aortic valve

Where does blood flow from ascending aorta to?

Descending aorta

Where does blood that leaves the aorta go?

Organs

What do organs unload from blood?

O2

What do organs load into blood?

CO2

What are the only arteries that carry deoxygenated blood?

Pulmonary

What are the only veins that carry oxygenated blood?

Pulmonary

Blockage of coronary circulation can cause what?

Myocardial infarction

What is the term used to describe death of heart tissue?

Myocardial infarction

What part of the left coronary artery is important in arterial blood supply to the heart?

Anterior interventricular branch

What part of the right coronary artery is important in arterial blood supply to the heart?

Posterior interventricular branch

What arteries supply blood to the heart?

Coronary

Small cardiac veins drain what % of blood directly into chambers, especially the right ventricle?

20

What % of blood is returned to the right atrium through the coronary sinus?

80

Where do the great cardiac vein, posterior interventricular vein, and left marginal veins supply blood to?

Coronary sinus

What type of cells generate and conduct signals that make up the cardiac conduction system?

Noncontractile cells

What ensures chambers contract at the appropriate time and are coordinated with each other?

Noncontractile cells

What are 4 structures of the conducting system?

SA node, AV node, AV bundle, and Purkinje fibers

What is the internal pacemaker of the heart?

SA node

What does SA stand for?

Sinuatrial

What splits into bundle branches?

AV bundle

What is the subendocardial conducting network?

Purkinje fibers

What fires as the first part of the conducting system?

SA node

Excitation from SA node firing spreads through atrial myocardium and causes what to fire?

AV node

After AV node fires, where does excitation spread down?

AV bundle

Where does AV bundle send excitation to?

Purkinje fibers

Where do purkinje fibers send excitation to?

Ventricular myocardium

What is the order of conduction?

SA node, AV node, AV bundle, and purkinje fibers