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Paleolithic Age
The time period from 200,000-10,000 BC characterized by the emergence of Homo sapiens and a hunter-gatherer lifestyle.
Neolithic Revolution
The transformation period around 10,000-4,000 BC where in agriculture and the domestication of animals began.
Fertile Crescent
A region with optimal soil and climate conditions that facilitated early agricultural development.
Sumerians
The first established civilization in Mesopotamia, known for developing the first form of writing, cuneiform.
Cuneiform
The first written language created by the Sumerians, characterized by its wedge-shaped symbols.
Epic of Gilgamesh
An ancient Mesopotamian poem, regarded as one of the earliest works of literary fiction.
Hammurabi's Code
The first written law code that established principles of justice in Babylon.
Polytheism
The belief in or worship of multiple gods, prevalent in Mesopotamian religion.
Hebrew Scripture
The sacred writings of the Hebrew people, comprising the Tanak, including the Torah.
Achaemenid Empire
The first Persian Empire founded by Cyrus the Great, noted for its innovative administrative practices.
Minoan Civilization
An ancient civilization centered on the island of Crete, known for its unique art and architecture.
Mycenaean Civilization
A late Bronze Age civilization in mainland Greece, notable for its military prowess and trade.
Hesiod
An ancient Greek poet who wrote 'Works and Days' and 'Theogony,' offering insights into mythology.
Allegory
A literary device where abstract concepts are represented through characters and events.
Rosetta Stone
A stone inscribed with a decree that provided the key to deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphs.
Ethical Monotheism
The belief system that emphasizes the oneness of God and the importance of ethical behavior as prescribed in the Hebrew tradition.
Canopic jars
Containers used in ancient Egypt for holding the organs of the deceased during mummification.
Sappho
An ancient Greek poet recognized for her lyric poetry, often focusing on themes of love and emotion.
