Honors Government Unit 1 Review

Enlightenment Philosophers

John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, Baron Von Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau

John Locke developed the

Social Contract

Social Contract is an

agreement between the government and the people

With social contract, the government gives____ and the people give _____

Security,Freedoms

Thomas Hobbes believed

humans were naturally evil

Thomas Hobbes thought people should give up their _____ to monarch in order to insure _____ and _____

Freedom, order, security

Baron Von Montesquieu supported

Republic

Baron Von Montesquieu introduced

limited government, separation of powers, and checks and balances

Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed

civilization is corrupted

Rousseau believed government should be guided by the

general will and consent of the governed

Limited Government says government power should be

Restrained through separation of powers and checks and balances

Limited Government was introduced by

Baron Von Montesquieu

Popular Sovereignty says that

government power is from the consent of the governed

John Locke introduced the concept of

natural rights

Natural rights says that all people are born with the rights to

life, liberty, and property

The Declaration of Independence was built on the principles of

Natural rights, Social Contract, and consent of the governed

The Declaration of Independence justified the

American revolution against England

Direct Democracy

Citizens meet and vote directly on government decisions

Representative Democracy (Republic)

Citizens choose officials who make decisions on government policy

Participatory Democracy

Citizens have a larger individual involvement in government policies

Pluralist Democracy

Individual can best influence government policies by joining a group Ex:Political Parties, Interest Groups

Elites Democracy

Only the elite, well educated, and well-informed few will be able to influence government policies Ex:Supreme Court, Electoral College

Brutus 1 was an

Anti-Federalist paper

Brutus 1 stated that the new constitution gave too much ____, especially within the _____ clause and the ______&______ Clause

Power, Supremacy, Necessary and Proper

Brutus 1 believed about the new government that

The U.S. is too large to be managed effectively, and the real republic comes from people

Brutus 1 believed Rome and Greece were bad examples of Republics because

They were too big

The Federalists wanted a

Strong central government

The Anti-Federalists wanted a

Weaker central government and stronger state governments

Fed 10 said that factions were

Dangerous but unavoidable

Fed 10 thought factions were controllable by

a large republic for the greater good

Fed 10 said that a large republic

does not allow for majority rule and the larger the republic the better

The AOC made states very

independent

The AOC established only a ____ branch of government, not the other two

Legislature

The AOC did/didn’t give the federal government to tax citizens directly

didn’t

The AOC required ______ out of 13 states to pass a law

Nine

The AOC required _____ out of 13 states to pass an amendment

13

Because of the AOC’s weak central government, states could _______, _______ ______, and make ______ ______

Tax, print money, foreign treaties

Shay’s rebellion demonstrated

The weak central government created by the AOC

The constitutional convention met in

Philadelphia

The Constitution established these three branches of government

Executive, legislative, and judicial

The brat compromise was a compromise between _____ and _____ small states, namely ______ and ______

Big, Small, Virginia, New Jersey

The Great compromise established 2 houses (The senate and the House of Reps), one based on _____ and one having _____ representation

Population, Equal

This compromise counted slaves as ______ of a person

The 3/5ths compromise

The slave trade and commerce compromise established that congress could/couldn’t regulate trade, and could/couldn’t regulate the slave trade for the next ____ years

Could, couldn’t, 20

The electoral college compromise established that the president would be

Chosen by electors that voted in order to balance the negatives of direct democracy and avoid elite democracy

The Constitution fixed the AOC’s inability to tax by

Giving the national government the power to tax

The Constitution fixed the AOC’s inability of congress to regulate interstate trade by

Creating the Interstate commerce clause

The interstate commerce clause gave congress the power to

regulate interstate commerce

The Constitution established these three AOC’s inability to enforce laws by

Establishing the president and executive branch to enforce the laws

The Constitution established the ______ to handle state fights

Supreme Court

The Constitution fixed the AOC’s problem of giving only one vote to each state by

establishing a bicameral legislature in the senate and the house of reps

Two popular Federalists

Hamilton and Madison

In order to have the Anti-Federalists agree to the Constitution, the Federalists created the

Bill of Rights

The amendment process for the constitution was established in article

5

A constitutional amendment can be proposed by ______ of both houses or _____ convention of states

2/3, 2/3

To ratify a constitutional amendment, _______ of either _____ _______ or ______ ______ is needed

3/4, State Legislatures, State Conventions

Article 1 established

The legislative Branch

Article 2 established

The executive branch

Article 3 established

The judicial branch

Article 4 established

Interstate Relations

Article 5 established

The Amendment Process

Article 6 established

The supremacy clause

Article 7 Established

The ratification process

The legislative branch

Passes laws

The executive branch

Executes laws

The judicial branch

Interprets laws

Marbury V. Madison established

The power of the Supreme Court to rule an act of the President or Congress unconstitutional (Judicial Review)

Checks and Balances established that

Each branch has some power over the others but each one is independent

Judicial checks and balances over the other branches

Judicial review-Can rule acts of the President and Congress unconstitutional

Legislative branch checks and balances

Approve budget, Pass laws, Override veto, Impeach President and judges, approve appointment of judges and officials, confirm judges an cabinet appointments

Executive branch checks and balances

Propose and veto laws, call special sessions of congress, appeal to public, appoint officials and judges, and pardon convicted felons

Fed 51 said that to preserve liberty, each branch has to have the ability to

check the powers if others

“Ambition must be made to counteract ambition”, from Fed 51, represents James Madison’s belief that

the personal interests of those in power can help control government actions

“If men were angels, no government would be necessary,” This concept from Fed 51 represents that

People in power need to have restraints on their power

Exclusive powers are powers given only to

the federal government

Reserved powers are powers given only to the

State government

Concurrent powers are given to

both the federal and state government

Federalists established a _______ of _______ for state, federal, and local government

Separation, powers

Exclusive powers

Regulate interstate commerce, coin and print money, raise an army, declare war, and establish federal courts

Reserved powers

Regulate Intrastate commerce, establish local governments, establish public schools, administer elections, and establish licensing requirements

Concurrent powers

Levy taxes, spend for general welfare, and enact and enforce laws

Dual federalism states that both _____ and _____ governments are separate

State, national

Cooperative federalism (Marble cake federalism)

Shared powers between state and federal government

Enumerated powers are _______ in the constitution for the federal government

Expressed

Enumerated powers

Go to war, raise an army, regulate interstate and foreign commerce, and establish post offices

Implied powers are _______ _______ _______ in the constitution but are ______ _____

Not expressly written, reasonably implied

Supremacy clause establishes that

Federal law is superior to state law

The interstate commerce clause gives the government the power to

regulate all interstate commerce

The interstate commerce clause says that the federal government can

regulate businesses that go between state lines and justifies federal laws

The necessary and Proper clause gives congress the power to

Make laws they deem necessary and proper to carry out express powers

McCullough v. Maryland stated that Maryland could/couldn’t ______ the federal bank

Couldn’t tax

McCullough v. Maryland stated that states cannot interfere with the federal government because

Of the supremacy clause

McCullough v. Maryland established that congress has the authority to create a _____ ____ because of _____ _____

National bank, implied powers

McCullough v. Maryland established the precedent that

The federal government had the ability to carry out the actions they deem necessary and proper to govern effectively

U.S. v. Lopez limited ______ _____ under the _____ _____

Congressional power, commerce clause

In U.S. v. Lopez, the government argued that their power to regulate guns in school zones comes from the

commerce clause and regulating interstate trade

In U.S. v. Lopez, the Supreme Court ruled that the Gun-Free Schools act was _____ because

Invalid, having a gun in a school zone does not affect interstate commerce

U.S. v. Lopez was significant because

It was the first time in over half a century the Supreme Court stuck down a federal law because it exceeded congressional authority

U.S. v. Lopez gave more power to the ______ and away from the ______

States, federal government

McCullough v. Maryland gave more power to the _______ and away from the ______

Federal Government, states