Art History 281: Exam 1
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76 Terms
Aniconic
art without figural depictions of humans; typically early Buddhism
Ajanta
Location of famous caves with images of bodhisattivas
Ashoka
Indian emperor, reigned from 269-32 BCE
Axis-Mundi
“worlds" axis”, uniting zones of sky, earth, and underworld
bodhi tree
tree of enlightenment in Buddhas biography
Budhisattva
a Buddha-to-be
Brahman
the World Soul
Brahmin
priestly caste in India
Buddha
honorific title, meaning the “Enlightened One”; especially the historical Buddha
Buddhism
religion and philosophy founded in India in the 6th century BCE
calligraph
Chinese letter; calligraphy, related to writing
chaitya
Buddhist assembly hall; Karle Stupa
Chola Dynasty
Era in Indian history 846-1250
circumambulation
ritual act of walking around something
Deer Park
location for Buddha
Deities
spirits
Drum
instrument used by Shiva
Garbjargriha
sanctuary in a Hindu temple, womb chamber from Sanskrit
Guan-Yin-Bodhisattva
in a pose of ease
Gupta period
the Indian dynasty, 319-500 period for the classic Indian style of art
Han
dynasty or era in Chinese history, 202-220 BCE
Hinduism
an indigenous religion of India
Horyuji
Buddhist monastery
Jataka
tales or stories of the former lives of BuddhaJ
Krishna
an incarnation of the Hindu god Vishnu
Lingam or Linga Shrine
a shaft raised slightly from the background
Lotus Flower
associated with Buddha
low relief
sculpture, shapes raised slightly from the background
mandala
Buddhist diagram of the universe used for meditation
mudras
meaningful hand gestures in Indian art
Qin- Shihuangdi
first emperor of China (259-10 BCE); dynasty or era in History (221-206 BCE)
Raths
a Hindu temple form, meaning “chariot”
Sanchi
location in India, site of Stupas
Sarnath
location in India
Shakyamuni
a honorific title of historical Buddha (lion of the Shakya clan)
Shiva
Hindu god, the Destroyer
Siddhartha
a name of the historical Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama
Stupa
Indian reliquary mound
Symmetrical
design with equal distribution of elements on both sides of a central axis
Terracotta
coarse clay
temple
ritual building
Three Jewels of Buddha
Robert Fisher uses it to refer to the umbrellas on the stupas
Toranas
gateway; ussally 4 gateways
Uma
Hindu goddess of dawn
Upanishads
sacred Indian text, 9th century BCE
urna
mark on the forehead, often tuft of hair, a sign of enlightenment
Ushnisha
protuberance on the top of the head, or topknot a sign of enlightenment
Vedas
earliest sacred Indian texts
Yakshi
Indian female nature spirit
zoomorphic
animal shaped
Caste
hereditary social class
Atman
an individuals indestructible soul
Chakra
wheel
Dharma
cosmic law
Samsara
rebirth, reincarnation
Nirvana
Buddhism, cessation of rebirths
Moksha
Hinduism, cessation of rebirths
Animal Seals
date: c. 2500 BCE
location: Mohenjo-Daro, Pakistan
Material: Steatite
Sculpture of Bearded Man
Date: c 2100-1750 BCE
location: Mohenjo-Daro, Pakistan
material: Limestone
height: 7.48 in
Male torso
date: 2500 BCE
material: red sandstone
location: Harrapa
Cauri Bearer
date: c. 200 BCE
material: chunar sandstone
height: 5’4
location: Didarganj, Panta
Pillar capital with four lions
date: mid-century BCE
material: sandstone
height: 84.06 in
location: Uttar Pradesh, India
Stupa 1 (east)
style: Architecture
material: structural sandstone
Period: Indian
date: 3rd century - 1st century BCE
location: Madhya Pradesh, India
Stupa 1 (east) pillar south face panel
style: Architecture
material: structural sandstone
Period: Indian
date: 3rd century - 1st century BCE
location: Madhya Pradesh, India
Stupa 1 (east) Yakshi east pillar
style: Architecture
material: structural sandstone
Period: Indian
date: 3rd century - 1st century BCE
location: Madhya Pradesh, India
Stupa 1 (east) Yakshi torso east torana, north pillar
style: Architecture
material: structural sandstone
Period: Indian
date: 3rd century - 1st century BCE
location: Madhya Pradesh, India
Chaitya Hall Interior
Period: Indian
style: architecture
date: 2nd century BCE
location: Maharashtra, India
Colossal sculpture of Buddha
date: mid-first to mid-third century CE
location: Pakistan
material: grey schist
height: 102 in
Seated Buddha
type: sculpture
date: 1st to 5th century
location: Katra Mound, India
material: red sandstone
height: 71 cm
Ikahvaku Dynast among Women
date: 175-200 BCE
location: Nagarjunikonda
background: Buddha when a prince
Ajanta Cave 1
date: 450-500 AD
location: Ajanta, India
style: painting
who: Buddha
Deograh: Vishnu Temple
date: 425 AD
location: Deoghar, India
part: South Side
style: sculpture
Descent of Ganges
date: 630 CE
location: Tamil Nadu, India
material: Grey Granite
height: 590.6 in
width: 1181.1 in
Shiva Nataraja (essay question)
date: 12th century BCE
location: Tamil Nadu, India
material: metal
width: 38 in
Stupa at Borobudur
date: late 8th century
location: Java, Indonissa
material: stone
background: cosmic diagram, has multiple stupa’s
Tomb of Ch’in Shih-Huang-Ti, standing soldiers and horses
date: 246-210 BCE
location: China
material: terracotta
type: statues